ESO spots planet orbiting star similar to the sun in star cluster

Here’s an announcement from  ESO (European Southern Observatory):

First Planet Found Around Solar Twin in Star Cluster
Six-year search with HARPS finds three new planets in Messier 67

Astronomers have used ESO’s HARPS planet hunter in Chile, along with other telescopes around the world, to discover three planets orbiting stars in the cluster Messier 67. Although more than one thousand planets outside the Solar System are now confirmed, only a handful have been found in star clusters. Remarkably one of these new exoplanets is orbiting a star that is a rare solar twin — a star that is almost identical to the Sun in all respects.

Planets orbiting stars outside the Solar System are now known to be very common. These exoplanets have been found orbiting stars of widely varied ages and chemical compositions and are scattered across the sky. But, up to now, very few planets have been found inside star clusters [1]. This is particularly odd as it is known that most stars are born in such clusters. Astronomers have wondered if there might be something different about planet formation in star clusters to explain this strange paucity.

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Anna Brucalassi (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany),
lead author of the new study, and her team wanted to find out more. “In the Messier 67
star cluster the stars are all about the same age and composition as the Sun. This
makes it a perfect laboratory to study how many planets form in such a crowded
environment, and whether they form mostly around more massive or less massive stars.”

The team used the HARPS planet-finding instrument on ESO’s 3.6-metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory. These results were supplemented with observations from several other observatories around the world [2]. They carefully monitored 88 selected stars in Messier 67 [3] over a period of six years to look for the tiny telltale motions of the stars towards and away from Earth that reveal the presence of orbiting planets.

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This zoom sequence takes the viewer from a broad view of the entire night sky
into a close up view of the old star cluster Messier 67 in the constellation of Cancer
(The Crab). Observations using ESO’s HARPS instrument on the 3.6-metre telescope
at La Silla in Chile, along with other telescopes, have found three planets orbiting
stars in this cluster.

This cluster lies about 2500 light-years away in the constellation of Cancer (The Crab) and contains about 500 stars. Many of the cluster stars are fainter than those normally targeted for exoplanet searches and trying to detect the weak signal from possible planets pushed HARPS to the limit.

Three planets were discovered, two orbiting stars similar to the Sun and one orbiting a more massive and evolved red giant star. The first two planets both have about one third the mass of Jupiter and orbit their host stars in seven and five days respectively. The third planet takes 122 days to orbit its host and is more massive than Jupiter [4].

The first of these planets proved to be orbiting a remarkable star — it is one of the most similar solar twins identified so far and is almost identical to the Sun (eso1337[5]. It is the first solar twin in a cluster that has been found to have a planet.

Two of the three planets are “hot Jupiters” — planets comparable to Jupiter in size, but much closer to their parent stars and hence much hotter. All three are closer to their host stars than the habitable zone where liquid water could exist.

“These new results show that planets in open star clusters are about as common as they are around isolated stars — but they are not easy to detect,” adds Luca Pasquini (ESO, Garching, Germany), co-author of the new paper [6]“The new results are in contrast to earlier work that failed to find cluster planets, but agrees with some other more recent observations. We are continuing to observe this cluster to find how stars with and without planets differ in mass and chemical makeup.”

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Find more videos and images here.  This is an artist impression of the

This artist’s impression shows one of the three newly discovered planets in the
star cluster Messier 67. In this cluster the stars are all about the same age and
composition as the Sun. This makes it a perfect laboratory to study how many
planets form in such a crowded environment. Very few planets in clusters are
known and this one has the additional distinction of orbiting a solar twin — a star
that is almost identical to the Sun in all respects.

Chang’e 3 lander and rover back at work

Here are updates on activities by the Chinese Chang’e 3 lander and Yutu rover since they woke up from their 2 week hibernation during their first lunar night: Updates on Chang’e 3: Rover and lander both awake, good science data received – The Planetary Society

Video: Fly over the floodwaters of Mars

ESA released this video created from images taken by the Mars Express spacecraft, which went into orbit around the Red Planet in 2004:

The Floodwaters of Mars

Ten years ago, on 14 January 2004, Mars Express took its very first images of Mars in colour and in 3D.

To mark the occasion, the team produced a fly-through movie of the ancient flood plain Kasei Valles. The movie is based on the 67-image mosaic released as part of the ten-years-since-launch celebrations in June 2013.

The scene spans 987 km in the north–south direction, 19–36°N, and 1550 km in the east–west direction (280–310°E). It covers 1.55 million square kilometres, an area equivalent to the size of Mongolia.

Kasei Valles is one of the largest outflow channel systems on Mars, created during dramatic flood events. From source to sink, it extends some 3000 km and descends 3 km.

Kasei Valles splits into two main branches that hug a broad island of fractured terrain – Sacra Mensa – rising 2 km above the channels that swerve around it. While weaker materials succumbed to the erosive power of the fast-flowing water, this hardier outcrop has stood the test of time.

Slightly further downstream, the flood waters did their best to erase the 100 km-wide Sharonov crater, crumpling its walls to the south. Around Sharonov many small streamlined islands form teardrop shapes rising from the riverbed as water swept around these natural obstacles.

The Planetary Science and Remote Sensing Group at Freie Universität Berlin produced the movie. The processing of the High Resolution Stereo Camera image data was carried out at the DLR German Aerospace Center.

Sci-Tech: Inspiring Conservation through Art – A Living Oceans Foundation challenge

Amy Heemsoth of the Living Oceans Foundation sent me this announcement:

Inspiring Conservation through Art

Do you love art? Love the reefs? Then please read on.

For this year’s Science without Borders® Challenge, we are asking high school students around the world to use their creativity and inspiration to design poster art following the theme ‘Protect Our Coral Reefs.’ The student’s artwork will portray an action that slows down the degradation of coral reefs.

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The Challenge was created to get students and teachers more involved and interested in ocean conservation through various forms of art. Last year’s contest was a video competition themed ‘How are we connected to the oceans?’ It was the first Challenge held by the Foundation.

The Foundation hopes that this contest will continue to inspire youth to become stewards of the environment in order to preserve, protect, and restore the world’s oceans, and aquatic resources – the overarching theme of the Foundation.

For more information regarding the Challenge and contest rules, please visit our website at www.livingoceansfoundation.org/resources/for-educators/gis/.

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Here is a video made by last year’s winner of the competition, which asked high school students to create a video to answer “the question, how are we all connected to the oceans? ” :

Space policy roundup – Dec.14.14 [Update]

NASA will get close to the administration’s requested 2014 budget in the new Omnibus bill: Appropriators Release FY2014 Omnibus Bill, NASA Does Well – SpacePolicyOnline.com

4,113 million for exploration, of which

* $696 million is for commercial crew, with $171 million available only after the Administrator certifies that the program has undergone an independent benefit-cost analysis
* $1,197 million is for Orion
* $1,918 million is for Space Launch System (SLS) of which $1,600 million is for launch vehicle development and $318 million is for exploration ground systems
* $302 million is for exploration research and development

Of course, there is no independent benefit-cost analysis required before yet another $3 billion goes down the SLS/Orion money pit.

More links:

Update:

Update 2:

Update 3: Lori Garver comments on the NASA budget: Twitter / Lori_Garver:

Hill appropriators fund Abu Dhabi CBP and cut commercial crew funding. Ask Congress why they support foreign air & space activities over US?

 

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Everyone can participate in space