Category Archives: In Space Infrastructure

In Space Infrastructure, Living in Space, Space Settlement

Space habitat reports – Nov.25.2024

November 25, 2024 TopSpacer

A selection of recent videos, articles, and news items about space habitats (govt and commercial), living in space, and space settlement.

=== International Space Station & NASA

** NASA Astronaut Suni Williams Talks with New England Sports Network – Tuesday, November 12, 2024 – NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 72 Commander Suni Williams of NASA discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview Nov. 12 with the New England Sports Network for the New England Sports Network Clubhouse Kids Show. Williams is in the midst of a long-duration mission living and working aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.

=== Commercial space habitats

** Axiom Space

Welcome #Ax4 crew to @esa‘s European Astronaut Centre!
They’re gearing up with European @Space_Station science and Columbus lab training for their upcoming mission. Led by @Axiom_Space‘s @AstroPeggy , the assigned crew includes pilot Shubhanshu Shukla , ESA project… pic.twitter.com/JjMqtdn4fF

— Human Spaceflight (@esaspaceflight) November 15, 2024

** Blue Origin

A brief view of the reaction of passengers in the capsule of the New Shepard during a flight on Nov. 22nd to suborbital space:

— New Shepard Mission NS-28: Apogee – Blue Origin Youtube

** Sierra Space

— The latest burst test of a Sierra inflatable habitat prototype model brings them a step closer to certification and the construction of operational habitats.

We have successfully completed our sixth stress test and fourth Ultimate Burst Pressure (UBP) test for our LIFE® 10 commercial space station technology, achieving a rupture at 255 psi, the highest pressure yet.

This test exceeded NASA’s Factor of Safety recommendations, demonstrating a safety factor greater than 16x in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and 23x in lunar environments.

Our team continues to lead in the development of expandable structures for various space applications, as we build the world’s first commercial space station.

— This article includes an update on development of Sierra Space’s inflatable modules: Sierra Space expands spaceplane fleet with in-house mission control | SpaceNews – Nov.8.2024

In the same work area as the Shooting Star modules, Sierra Space engineers are also working on the Large Integrated Flexible Environment (LIFE) habitat. A key aspect of that project is evaluating and testing the use of softgoods to fashion expandable structures using Vectran, a weave of high-performance liquid crystal polymer fiber that’s stronger than steel when inflated.

** VAST

Decades have passed since a space station primary structure has been manufactured in the United States . @vast is changing that. Our Haven-1 qualification primary structure is in its final stage of welding at our HQ facility. Next, the completed structure will go to our… pic.twitter.com/94pJHaYqvO

— Max Haot (@maxhaot) November 13, 2024

The team is making progress on the final welding stages of the Haven-1 qualification primary structure at Vast HQ. pic.twitter.com/TaQOvpi8TV

— Vast (@vast) November 20, 2024

— VAST partners with Czech Republic :Czech Ministry of Transport Signs Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Vast to Partner on Engagement with Czech Space Industry | VAST – Nov.7.2024

The Czech Ministry of Transport has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Vast, the U.S.-based pioneer in space habitation technologies. The Memorandum, signed as part of Czech Space Week, outlines a commitment by Vast and the Ministry of Transport to explore ways to partner on future human spaceflight projects, whether through private astronaut missions (PAM) to the International Space Station (ISS) before it is retired in 2030, or on missions to Vast’s own Haven space stations, and to engage with a growing Czech Space industry and start-up ecosystem.

More at:

** Starlab – Voyager Space

Mitsubishi Corporation has been a key player in commercial space for decades. They served as the sole sales agent for the SPACEHAB Laboratory, a module designed to fly as part of NASA’s space shuttle program. SPACEHAB enabled JAXA, other national space agencies, and private… pic.twitter.com/75kefQeb6c

— Starlab (@Starlab_Space) November 22, 2024

=== Chinese space habitats

** Shenzhou-19 Crew Receive Delivery from Earth – CCTV Video News Agency

China’s Shenzhou-19 crew aboard the orbiting Tiangong space station received a shipment of supplies from Earth on Saturday, after the Tianzhou-8 cargo spacecraft successfully docked with the space station.

** Shenzhou-19 Crew Conduct Tasks in Orderly Manner After Receiving Supplies from Earth – CCTV Video News Agency

China’s Shenzhou-19 crew aboard the orbiting Tiangong space station has been carrying out space experiments, performing equipment maintenance, and conducting other tasks in an orderly manner over the past week after receiving supplies from the Earth in mid-November.

=== Mars habitation

** Dr. Peter Hague on The Space Show – Nov.15.2024

We welcomed Peter to discuss one of his recent blog posts, Planetocracy.org, regarding the steps needed to be completed before humans to Mars happens. Peter’s article is on the blog for this program. Not only did we go over the steps Peter outlined in his excellent article, he got calls and listener questions asking about other issues for humans to Mars. Most often he heard comments about Musk, SpaceX and how the human factors or medical issues might be resolved for those going to Mars. This mostly focused on microgravity and radiation. Don’t miss these discussions.

=== Other space habitat and settlement news and articles:

=== Earth views from ISS

** Live Video from the International Space Station (Official NASA Stream) – NASA

Watch live video from the International Space Station, including inside views when the crew aboard the space station is on duty. Views of Earth are also streamed from an external camera located outside of the space station. During periods of signal loss due to handover between communications satellites, a blue screen is displayed.

The space station orbits Earth about 250 miles (425 kilometers) above the surface. An international partnership of five space agencies from 15 countries operates the station, and it has been continuously occupied since November 2000. It’s a microgravity laboratory where science, research, and human innovation make way for new technologies and research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. More: https://go.nasa.gov/3CkVtC8

Did you know you can spot the station without a telescope? It looks like a fast-moving star, but you have to know when to look up. Sign up for text messages or email alerts to let you know when (and where) to spot the station and wave to the crew: https://spotthestation.nasa.gov

====

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Outpost in Orbit:
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In Space Infrastructure, Living in Space, Space Settlement

Space habitat reports – Nov.7.2024

November 7, 2024 TopSpacer

Here is a new selection of videos, articles, and news items about space habitats (govt and commercial), living in space, and space settlement.

=== International Space Station & NASA

** SpaceX Dragon moved to new parking spot on space station – VideoFromSpace

The SpaceX Crew-9 astronauts, including two crew members formerly aboard Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft, moved their Crew Dragon capsule to another docking port to make way for a new cargo Dragon arrival.

** NASA’s SpaceX 31st Cargo Resupply Services Rendezvous and Docking – Tuesday, Nov. 5, 2024 – NASA Video

Loaded with scientific experiments and supplies, an unpiloted SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft automatically docked to the International Space Station’s earth-facing port of the Harmony module Nov. 5. The SpaceX resupply spacecraft launched from launch pad 39-A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida Nov. 4 as part of the company’s 31st commercial resupply mission for the agency and will remain at the station for one month.

** NASA’s SpaceX CRS-31 Research: Bristol Myers Squibb and Redwire Space – ISS National Lab

On SpaceX’s 31st Commercial Resupply Services mission for NASA to the International Space Station, Bristol Myers Squibb will build on its legacy of protein crystallization in order to support the manufacturing of more effective therapeutics. This video provides an overview on their investigation and the impacts it may have on future patient care.

** NASA Astronaut Don Pettit Talks with KATU-TV Portland 241029 – Tuesday, October 29, 2024 – NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 72 Flight Engineer Don Pettit of NASA discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview Oct. 29 with KATU-TV in Portland, Oregon. Pettit is in the midst of a long-duration mission living and working aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.

** NASA Astronaut Butch Wilmore Talks with Tennessee Tech – Tuesday, November 5, 2024 – NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 72 Flight Engineer Butch Wilmore of NASA discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview Nov. 5 with Tennessee Tech University. Wilmore, an alumnus of the university, is in the midst of a long-duration mission living and working aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.

=== Commercial space habitats

** Sierra Space

With our softgoods partner @ilcdoverastro, we have demonstrated advanced capabilities during Ultimate Burst Pressure (UBP) and creep testing.

We look forward to further testing as we build the world’s first commercial space station.

— Sierra Space (@SierraSpaceCo) October 31, 2024

** VAST

pic.twitter.com/fqJjgh6Vta

— VAST (@vast) November 6, 2024

** Starlab – Voyager Space

Starlab and partners debuted a video animation of the space station module at the recent IAC-2024 meeting: Hilton, Voyager Space, and Starlab Space Share the First Fly‑Through Video of Starlab Space Station at the International Astronautical Congress | Stories From Hilton – Oct.16.2024

** IAF GNF SESSION – Space Stations 2.0: Opportunities on Commercial LEO Destinations – Int. Astronautical Fed.

The International Space Station (ISS) has been a spectacular platform for scientific research, technology development, and worldwide diplomacy for over 20 years. The orbiting laboratory’s contributions to humanity for both terrestrial applications and the future of spaceflight are unparalleled. However, the lifetime of the ISS is coming to an end in the near future, and the realm of government-run assets in low-Earth orbit (LEO) will soon transition to commercial space stations run by private companies.

Will the scientific discoveries and international partnerships of the last two decades still be possible in this new era? This panel session will explore the opportunities, capabilities, and frameworks of commercial space stations from the perspective of astronauts, microgravity researchers, technologists, investors, and policymakers around the world.

=== Chinese space habitats

** China’s Shenzhou 19 crew enters Tiangong space station after docking – VideoFromSpace

China’s Shenzhou 19 crew, Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, completed ingress into the Tiangong space station shortly after docking on Oct. 29, 2024 (Oct 30 – Beijing time). See their launch: https://www.space.com/space-explorati…

** China’s Shenzhou-18 Astronauts Ready to Return After In-Orbit Crew Handover – CCTV Video News Agency

The Shenzhou-18 astronauts transferred control of the Tiangong space station to the newly arrived Shenzhou-19 crew on Friday as they prepared to return to Earth.

** Shenzhou-18 Astronauts Return to Earth with Scientific Materials – CCTV Video News Agency

The three astronauts of China’s Shenzhou-18 crewed spaceflight mission have returned to Earth with scientific materials from the Tiangong space station.

** Shenzhou-18 undocking – SciNews

The Shenzhou-18 (神舟十八) crew spacecraft undocked from the Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱), departing the China Space Station (中国空间站), on 3 November 2024, at 08:12 UTC (16:12 China Standard Time). The Shenzhou-18 spacecraft is expected to make a parachute-assisted landing at the Dongfeng landing site, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, returning the seventh crew of three astronauts on a mission to the China Space Station (中国空间站): Guangfu Ye (叶光富, commander), Cong Li (李聪) and Guangsu Li (李广苏).

** China articles & news:

=== Mars habitation

** Starship is the Easy Part – Mars Society’s Zubrin Charts the Real Challenges on our way to Mars – SpaceWatch.Global TV

Guest: Dr. Robert Zubrin, Founder of the Mars Society and Author of “The New World on Mars”

In this expansive conversation, Dr. Robert Zubrin takes us beyond the technical challenges of reaching Mars to explore the complex realities of establishing permanent human settlements on the Red Planet. While the world watches Starship development, Zubrin reveals how energy production, food sustainability, radiation protection, and governance structures pose the real challenges for human survival on Mars. His insights challenge common misconceptions and propose innovative solutions for everything from terraforming to creating new societies, demonstrating how Mars settlement could reshape human civilization both on and off Earth.

Quotable Insights:

1. “Mars will be ruled by the Martians. Different groups of people will emigrate to Mars with very different ideals as to what the ideal society should be.”
2. “We don’t go to Mars to desert the Earth. We go to Mars to expand the capacity of the human race, to create new branches of human civilization.”
3. “I believe that humans are not the enemies of life, humans are the vanguards of life.”
4. “We have in our power to begin the world anew.”

Cosmic Timeline (Timestamps):

• [00:00:00] Opening: Mars governance and future civilizations
• [00:02:23] Realistic timeline for human Mars missions within next decade
• [00:03:46] Energy challenges on Mars – nuclear vs. solar power
• [00:06:20] First expedition structure and duration
• [00:09:31] Economics of Mars transportation and Starship development
• [00:13:51] Transition from expeditions to permanent settlements
• [00:20:00] Mars Against Hunger Prize and food production innovations
• [00:30:34] Radiation protection strategies and reality check
• [00:34:23] Living arrangements: underground vs. surface habitats
• [00:40:56] Terraforming possibilities using fluorocarbon gases
• [00:42:42] Alternative terraforming methods using iron nanoparticles
• [00:49:23] Mars governance models and settlement structures
• [00:56:18] Immigration and settlement competition between colonies
• [01:05:06] Mars as human expansion rather than planetary backup
• [01:08:32] Personal motivations and future vision
• [01:09:57] Music selection: Beethoven’s Third Symphony

Links to Explore:

• The Mars Society (https://www.marssociety.org/)
• Mars Against Hunger Prize (https://www.marssociety.org/mars-agai…)
• Dr. Zubrin’s Book: The New World on Mars (https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/46340…) (Penguin UK Edition)
• Mars Direct Mission Plan (https://www.marssociety.org/mars-direct)

Spread the Cosmic Love!

Share this episode with anyone interested in exploration, sustainable technology, or the future of human civilization. This conversation goes beyond the typical space exploration narrative to explore how

=== Other space habitat and settlement news and articles:

=== Earth views from ISS

** Hurricane Rafael makes landfall in Cuba, barrels into the Gulf in satellite time-lapse – VideoFromSpace

NOAA’s GOES-East satellite captured Hurricane Rafael from Nov. 5-7, 2024.

** Live Video from the International Space Station (Official NASA Stream) – NASA

====

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In Space Infrastructure, Living in Space, Space Settlement

The Space Habitats Report – Oct.19.2024

October 19, 2024 TopSpacer

Here is a new selection of videos, articles, and news items about space habitats (govt and commercial), living in space, and space settlement.

=== International Space Station & NASA

** NASA Astronaut Suni Williams Talks with WGBH Boston Public Radio – Wednesday, October 16, 2024 – NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 72 Commander Suni Williams of NASA discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview October 16 with WGBH/Boston Public Radio. Williams is in the midst of a long-duration mission living and working aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.

** NASA Astronaut Don Pettit Talks with KGW-TV, Portland – Thursday, October 10, 2024 – NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 72 Flight Engineer Don Pettit of NASA discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview October 10with KGW-TV, Portland. Pettit is in the midst of long-duration mission living and working aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.

** Science Launching on SpaceX’s 31st Cargo Resupply Mission to the Space Station – NASA

Scientific investigations launching to the International Space Station on the 31st SpaceX commercial resupply services mission include studies of solar wind, a radiation-tolerant moss, spacecraft materials, and cold welding in space.

More: https://go.nasa.gov/3zZrxg8

** Moon Minute: Water on Moons and Planets – NASA’s Kennedy Space Center

Want the latest update for NASA’s Artemis campaign? Check out this update, which features how missions like the Europa Clipper mission will help future Artemis launches to the Moon.

=== Commercial space habitats

** Axiom Space

— Axiom partnered with Prada on design of the new EVA spacesuit that made its public debut this week:

Axiom says,

Advancing NASA’s Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU) spacesuit design, the AxEMU provides increased flexibility, performance, and safety, as well as specialized tools to aid in exploring the lunar south pole. The suit accommodates a wide range of crewmembers, including males and females from the first to 99th percentile (anthropomorphic sizing). It will withstand extreme temperatures at the lunar south pole and endure the coldest temperatures in the permanently shadowed regions for at least two hours. Astronauts will be able to perform spacewalks for at least eight hours.

The AxEMU incorporates multiple redundant systems and an onboard diagnostic system to ensure safety for crewmembers. The suit also uses a regenerable carbon dioxide scrubbing system and a robust cooling technology to remove heat from the system. It includes advanced coatings on the helmet and visor to enhance the astronauts’ view of their surroundings, as well as custom gloves made in-house featuring several advancements over the gloves used today. The spacesuit architecture includes life support systems, pressure garments, avionics and other innovative systems to meet exploration needs and expand scientific opportunities.

Axiom Space developed the AxEMU using a single, foundational architecture. The architecture is evolvable, scalable and adaptable for missions on the lunar surface and in low-Earth orbit (LEO).

Axiom Space has iteratively improved this next-gen spacesuit over the past two years to support the Artemis III mission. The AxEMU has undergone extensive testing and simulations with a wide range of astronauts and engineers at state-of-the-art Axiom Space, SpaceX and NASA facilities. Testing was conducted underwater to simulate the lunar environment with an unoccupied spacesuit at NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) and reduced gravity simulations at NASA’s Johnson Space Center.

The next lunar spacesuit that will be worn when astronauts land on the Moon during #Artemis III. https://t.co/LGKjXtL4Tt pic.twitter.com/BS43Wvvbvo

— NASA’s Johnson Space Center (@NASA_Johnson) October 18, 2024

** Sierra Space

— Sierra wins NASA contract to develop system that both compacts waste and reclaims water: Sierra Space Advances Off-World Infrastructure and Sustainability with NASA-Awarded Trash Compaction and Processing System | Sierra Space – Oct.18.2024

Sierra won

… a NASA contract to develop a Trash Compaction and Processing System (TCPS) and test it aboard the International Space Station in late-2026.

The technology may be critical for the success of future space exploration and is being developed to handle waste management, stowage, and water reclamation for long-duration missions, including crewed missions to the Moon and Mars. The TCPS could effectively reduce the volume of trash generated by astronauts and recover nearly all water entrained in the trash for further use.

Current primary waste systems in space cannot reclaim water or effectively reduce the volume of trash in a manner necessary for long-term space travel. The TCPS is being developed to recover nearly all the water from the trash for additional use. This capability may be vital not only for deep space exploration but also for commercial orbital facilities or extraterrestrial bases. As a stand-alone system, TCPS only requires access to power, data, and air-cooling interfaces and it provides a simple user interface to facilitate crew interactions.

…

The TCPS includes an innovative Catalytic Oxidizer (CatOx) that processes volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gaseous byproducts to maintain a safe and sterile environment in space habitats. Catalytic oxidation is a more energy-efficient and safer alternative to traditional VOC removal methods. This same CatOx technology is also employed in Sierra Space’s Environmental Controls and Life Support Systems (ECLSS). The TCPS technology compacts astronaut trash into solid square tiles that are easy to store, safe to handle, and capable of providing additional radiation protection. The system is designed to recover nearly all water from the trash for recycling, and the CatOx removes any noxious or harmful contaminants for crew safety.

** VAST

— Vast revealed the design for its Haven-1 space station module that they plan to launch in 2025: Vast Unveils Its Final Haven-1 Space Station Design | VAST – Oct.10.2024

Every detail of the Haven-1 interior has been implemented with an eye for detail, creating a visual hierarchy that allows the astronauts to focus on the task at hand, monitor the station’s systems, and enjoy their experience onboard. After docking with a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft, Haven-1 crew members open the Haven-1 exterior hatch and are greeted by a sleek, functional layout upon entry. A real-time display shows the station status with temperature and lighting controls, and optimized cargo compartments ensure essential supplies are stored efficiently. Notably, Haven-1’s interior surfaces are soft and padded to provide an added safety component for crew and visitors as they float throughout.

Above and below the corridor, the station’s four private crew quarters offer astronauts a space to rest and recharge. Slightly larger than the crew quarters aboard the ISS, these expanded personal rooms are uniquely designed to allow for changing, entertainment, online communication with loved ones back on Earth (enabled by SpaceX Starlink connectivity), and, most importantly, a good night’s rest. Experience has shown that sleeping in space can be a restless endeavor. Maximizing sleep efficiency and comfort remains critical to the overall experience aboard the Vast station. Historically, zero gravity sleep has been uncomfortable for astronauts due to a lack of standardized and consistent restraint systems during weightless sleep and a deficit in the distributed gravity forces humans are accustomed to on Earth. Vast’s patent-pending signature sleep system is roughly the size of a queen bed, provides a customized amount of equal pressure throughout the night, and accommodates side and back sleepers alike.

Additionally, each room features a built-in storage compartment, vanity, and a custom amenities kit

See video below for imagery of the Haven-1 station. A second video gives a Haven-1 construction update.

— Muti-module Haven-2 station design unvealed: Vast Announces Haven-2, Its Proposed Space Station Designed To Succeed The International Space Station (ISS) | VAST – Oct.14.2024

During the 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Vast, the US-based space habitation technology company, unveiled Haven-2 — the proposed successor to the International Space Station (ISS) and the next step in the company’s vision to pioneer a path to long-term living and thriving in space.

With the planned retirement of the International Space Station (ISS) by 2030, NASA conceived the Commercial LEO Destination (CLD) program and is expected to select its Phase 2 winner(s) in mid-2026. Laser-focused on securing this prestigious contract to build the successor to the ISS, Vast has developed Haven-2, designed to offer the most compelling solution to ensure continued U.S. and international partner presence in low-Earth orbit (LEO).

“Our focus this decade is to win the NASA Commercial LEO Destination (CLD) contract and build the successor to the International Space Station,” said Max Haot, Vast CEO. “To achieve this, we will first demonstrate our capability by building and operating the world’s first commercial space station, Haven-1, which is set to launch in 2025.”

…

If selected in 2026, Vast plans to have the first module of Haven-2, an evolved and NASA-certified version of Haven-1, fully operational in orbit by 2028. This near-term timeline is made possible by leveraging Vast’s significant private investment in the design, build, launch, and operation of Haven-1. The first Haven-2 Module will be 5m longer than Haven-1, offering nearly twice the livable volume of its predecessor while utilizing all the same proven systems.

See the video below for imagery of the Haven-2 design.

— Vast Unveils Final Design for Haven-1, the World’s First Commercial Space Station – VAST Youtube

We’re excited to introduce the final design for Haven-1, a groundbreaking space station that sets a new standard for human-centric design, comfort, and productivity in space.

Haven-1 merges cutting-edge microgravity lab advancements with a focus on astronaut well-being and features:

1.1m Observation Window Dome for stunning views of Earth
Patent-Pending Sleep System designed for optimal rest in zero gravity
Onboard Fitness System to improve cardiovascular and bone health
Warm, welcoming Interiors with natural materials, including maple wood veneer

Guided by visionary designer Peter Russell-Clarke and supported by veteran NASA astronaut Andrew Feustel, Haven-1 offers an unparalleled experience in space, balancing innovation with comfort.

Chief Design and Marketing Officer Hillary Coe emphasized the importance of human-first design, stating, “We have big ambitions to create a future where everyone is living and thriving on Earth and in space. This requires a shift in how we approach design for all backgrounds and comfort levels.”

We are excited to continue to push the boundaries of human spaceflight and pioneer the path to long-term living and thriving in space.

— Haven-1 Progress, October 2024 – VAST Youtube

Less renders, more hardware. Yesterday, we revealed the final design of Haven-1. Today, we’re sharing our latest progress update as we build the team, facilities, and hardware for the launch of the world’s first commercial space station in the second half of next year. Every step brings us closer to redefining space exploration. Stay tuned for more milestones as we make history.

— Vast Unveils Haven-2: Our Proposed Successor to the International Space Station (ISS) – VAST Youtube

Today at IAC 2024, Vast introduced Haven-2, our proposed successor to the International Space Station (ISS). The first module will be fully operational by 2028, ensuring an overlap of operational space stations before the ISS retires in 2030. This near-term timeline is made possible by leveraging Vast’s significant private investment in the design, build, launch, and operation of Haven-1. When completed in 2032, Haven-2 is designed to surpass the ISS in volume, research facilities, and cost efficiency.

** Starlab – Voyager Space

–— Starlab releases video showing interior design of the station module:

Now YOU can fly through #Starlab. If you’re at #IAC2024, you can experience Starlab’s spacious crew deck in extraordinary virtual reality. Come float inside the space station that will enable continuous, permanent human presence in #LEO . Grab a headset @ the @AirbusSpace booth… pic.twitter.com/sZ0c5w1IFF

— Starlab (@Starlab_Space) October 14, 2024

— A video report on the Starlab project:

We recently completed a full-scale mockup of one level of the Starlab Space Station and are conducting usability testing to improve Starlab’s operational efficiencies and overall crew experience.

A critical component involves placing humans in the simulated space station,… pic.twitter.com/E0cYrXVqof

— Starlab (@Starlab_Space) October 10, 2024

=== Chinese space habitats

** Shenzhou-18 Crew Gears Up for Entry of Shenzhou-19 Members into Tiangong – CCTV Video News Agency

The Shenzhou-18 mission crew has carried out their work in an orderly manner this week in preparation for the handover with the Shenzhou-19 members at China’s Tiangong space station later this month.

=== Space settlement

** Robert Zubrin, The New World on Mars: What We Can Create on the Red Planet, an NSS Space Forum – National Space Society

National Space Society Space Forum, Aug 29, 2024, The New World on Mars: What We Can Create on the Red Planet with

Dr. Robert Zubrin
President, The Mars Society
Astronautical Engineer and Author
Founder, Pioneer Astronautics

View this National Space Society (NSS) Space Forum for an opportunity to dive into a bold, new vision for humanity on Mars. Hear from Dr. Robert Zubrin, one of the most influential voices in space settlement, as he presents insights from his new book, “The New World on Mars: What We Can Create on the Red Planet.” Dr. Zubrin, who revolutionized our thinking about Mars with his classic “The Case for Mars,” is back with a detailed and actionable plan for establishing a sustainable human presence on the Red Planet.

In this forum, Dr. Zubrin lays out the technological breakthroughs, economic strategies, and political commitments required to turn the dream of Mars settlement into reality. Dr. Zubrin provides a compelling case for why Mars should be humanity’s next great adventure. From the first steps of reaching Mars to harnessing its resources and building thriving cities, he explores the full scope of what it takes to create a new world. You’ll also learn about the incredible scientific discoveries and cultural innovations that could emerge from a Mars settlement—ushering in a new era of human civilization.

Dr. Zubrin, in making the case, draws on his deep expertise and passion for space exploration as he offers this positive view for the long-term survival of humanity; suggesting a new frontier that could inspire innovation, drive economic growth, and safeguard the human race from potential global catastrophes.

Enjoy this exciting and informative space forum that offers an inspiring and thought-provoking vision of expanding our human boundaries and settling Mars. …

— Interview on The Space Show with Rick Tumlinson:

Rick Tumlinson returned to discuss the upcoming New Worlds Conference in Houston over Nov. 1-2. Rick provided us with a 20% discount code to use if you buy online tickets and register for the event: RickSave20. In addition to our conference discussion, we talked [about] the need for a space vision and lots of outreach. He linked this to both the conference and his [Earthlight] Foundation

=== Space resources:

— Interview on The Space Show with Matt Gialich of AstroForge:

We welcomed guest Matt Gialich of AstroForge to the program to discuss their space mining plans, their operations and challenges so far plus their short to medium term plans for asteroid mining for PGM and applicable asteroids. We talked technology, economics, regulations and more.

—Interview on The Space Show with Dr. Kevin Cannon of Ethos Space:

Dr. Cannon returned as our guest to talk about his new association with Ethos Space, their plans for lunar launch and landing pads, infrastructure and down the for a sun shield space umbrella to protect Earth from warming. Also discussed was living on the Moon, Mars, lunar and space mining and resource usage and building large structures in space for in-living living/settlement.

=== Other space habitat and settlement news and articles:

=== Earth views from ISS

** Highlight: Boise ID – Wildfire Smoke – Oct 7, 2024 11:42 MDT – ISS Above

** Live Video from the International Space Station (Official NASA Stream) – NASA

====

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Outpost in Orbit:
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In Space Infrastructure, Living in Space, Space Settlement

Space habitat reports – Oct.4.2024

October 4, 2024 TopSpacer

Here is a new selection of videos, articles, and news items about space habitats (govt. and commercial), living in space, and space settlement.

=== International Space Station & NASA

** Space to Ground: Crew-9: Oct. 04, 2024 – NASA Johnson

** Docking confirmed! NASA’s SpaceX Crew-9 arrives at space station – VideoFromSpace

NASA’s SpaceX Crew-9 docked with the International Space Station at 5:30pm ET on Sept. 29, 2024. Aboard the Dragon spacecraft were NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Russian cosmonaut Alexsandr Gorbunov

** NASA’s SpaceX Crew-9 enters space station after docking – VideoFromSpace

NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Russian cosmonaut Alexsandr Gorbunov completed ingress into the International Space Station a few hours after docking on Sept. 29, 2024.

** NASA’s SpaceX Crew-8: Science, Innovation, and Discovery – NASA

NASA astronauts Michael Barratt, Matthew Dominick, and Jeanette Epps and Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Grebenkin are returning to Earth after several months aboard the International Space Station conducting scientific experiments and technology demonstrations for the agency’s SpaceX Crew-8 mission.

Here’s a look at some scientific milestones accomplished during their mission: https://go.nasa.gov/3Bmlkv2

** How Do Astronauts Drink Coffee in Space? – NASA Johnson

Sometimes coffee IS out of this world! Whether it’s sipping from the space cup or through a drink bag, learn how astronauts enjoy a cup of joe aboard the International Space Station.

** Additional Views of Hurricane Helene from the International Space Station – Sept. 26, 2024 – NASA Video

Cameras on the International Space Station captured views of Hurricane Helene at 2:25 p.m. EDT September 26 as it approached the Gulf coast of Florida packing winds in excess of 120 miles an hour. The National Hurricane Center forecast called for Helene to continue to strengthen before it makes landfall along the Big Bend region of Florida, then traverses up western Georgia and the Tennessee Valley.

** Live Views of Hurricane Helene from the International Space Station – Thursday, September 26, 2024 – NASA Video

Cameras on the International Space Station captured views of Hurricane Helene at 12:50 p.m. EDT September 26 as it approached the Gulf coast of Florida packing winds in excess of 100 miles an hour. The National Hurricane Center forecast called for Helene to strengthen into a major hurricane before it makes landfall along the Big Bend region of Florida, before moving inland as it traverses up western Georgia and the Tennessee Valley.

** International Space Station: Humanity’s Lab in Space (Narrated by Adam Savage)- NASA

Orbiting more than 200 miles (320 km) above Earth, the International Space Station is a powerhouse of cutting-edge science that is unlocking discoveries not possible on Earth. We’re testing technologies that are critical to our return to the Moon and contributing to medical and social breakthroughs that improve life on our home planet.

After more than two decades of results, we continue to inspire future generations from a platform that is one of the largest international collaborations of our time.

Learn more about the research being conducted on station: https://www.nasa.gov/iss-science
Follow updates on the science conducted aboard the space station: https://x.com/iss_research

=== Commercial space habitats

** Updates on NASA’s program to support commercial space stations:

NASA is working on a plan to replace its space station, but time is running out | Ars Technica – Oct.3.2024
Status report on projects (at many of the companies listed below) supported by NASA’s Commercial LEO Development Program (CLDP): CLDP Status to NASA Advisory Council (NAC) HEO Committee | Robyn Gatens/NASA – September 2024 (pdf)
- NASA CLD partners continue to make progress towards design of their future CLD concepts and business case development.
- CLDP continues supporting the CLD partner milestones, providing NASA expertise, and sharing NASA technology, processes, data, and lessons learned on numerous subjects. This ensures the data gathered while developing and operating the ISS is passed on to CLD partners.
- Private Astronaut Mission-3 was successfully completed providing valuable lessons learned to Axiom and NASA in how to operate in a commercial environment on future CLDs.
- NASA is preparing for CLD Phase 2 procurement for future CLD services.

** Axiom Space

— Members of Axiom’s 4th crew mission to the ISS begin training for next year’s flight: Ax-4 Training Underway, Assigned Crew Gears Up for Historic Mission | Axiom Space

In August, Axiom Space welcomed a diverse group of astronauts as they arrived to begin preparations and training for Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4). This mission, set to launch no earlier than spring 2025, marks another significant step in commercial human spaceflight, bringing together astronauts from different corners of the globe to work toward a common goal: advancing human progress in space.

The assigned Ax-4 crew consisting of Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla from India, Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański from Poland, and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu from Hungary, arrived in Houston with a mix of excitement and determination. Their journey began at Axiom Space headquarters, where they underwent a comprehensive onboarding process. This included familiarization with the mission objectives, safety protocols, state-of-the-art facilities at Axiom Space, and dedicated mission teams who will support them throughout the mission.

During the first month of training, the assigned crew traveled to SpaceX in Hawthorne, Calif., for suit measurements and pressurization tests. They began familiarizing themselves with the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 launch vehicle ahead of additional training they’ll receive that includes orbital mechanics, operating in microgravity, emergency preparedness, spacesuit and spacecraft ingress and egress exercises, as well as partial and full mission simulations. Additionally, the crew visited NASA’s Johnson Space Center to get acquainted with the training facilities where they will spend significant time preparing for their mission.

** Max Space – Expandable Space Habitats

** RedPlanetLive — Kirsten Whittingham – Red Planet Live by the Mars Society – YouTube

Get ready for an exciting episode of Red Planet Live! Tune in on Tuesday, September 3rd (5pm PT / 8pm ET) for an in-depth conversation with Kirsten Whittingham, President of Max Space and a distinguished veteran in the aerospace industry. With her extensive experience and leadership in pioneering space projects, Kirsten will share insights and discuss the innovative advancements at Max Space.

** VAST

**Haven Demo Battery – VAST Youtube

At Vast, we’re designing, manufacturing, and assembling our battery packs in-house for Haven Demo and Haven-1, ensuring every step—from cell screening to pack assembly and testing—meets the highest safety and performance standards. These batteries will power our space station through day/night solar cycles every ~90 minutes in orbit.

Vast’s battery modules are recharged by our Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT), which extract energy from our solar arrays very efficiently. Our Battery Management Systems (BMS) give us real-time insight into the battery’s capabilities and allow our systems to make decisions based on the battery’s state.

** Starlab – Voyager Space

— The Bishop Airlock was funded and built by Voyager Space and has been operational on the ISS since 2020:

When it comes to commercial airlocks, no one has more experience than @voyagerspace_. The Bishop Airlock is the first and only commercial airlock on the International Space Station, enabling advanced robotics testing, on-orbit maneuvers, payload transfers, and even efficient and… pic.twitter.com/x4aeXnuJGG

— Starlab (@Starlab_Space) September 25, 2024

=== Chinese space habitats

** Chinese Astronauts Capture Stunning Views of Hometowns from Space – CCTV Video News Agency

The Shenzhou-18 crew members on board China’s orbiting space station Tiangong captured stunning views of their hometowns from space, offering viewers a unique perspective of the nation’s diverse landscapes.

** CNSA’s Lunar Spacesuit – SciNews

The China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) unveiled its extravehicular activity suit designed for lunar exploration on 28 September 2024.

More about the lunar suit: China unveils lunar spacesuit for crewed moon mission | SpaceNews – Sept.29.2024

** Shenzhou-18 Crew Share Progress on Self-Sustaining Fish Ecosystem in Space – CCTV Video News Agency

China’s Shenzhou-18 crew have been carefully watching a small aquarium of fish in a novel experiment aboard the country’s space station that the astronauts said is going smoothly.

=== Lunar habitation

** NASA and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) approve next phase in development of the Multi-Purpose Habitation (MPH) module for a lunar base: NASA Greenlights Next Phase of Italian Lunar Habitat Project | European Spaceflight – Sept.20.2024

A NASA review board has given the Italian space agency the green light to move ahead with the development of its MPH lunar surface habitat.

ASI and NASA signed an agreement in 2022 that saw the Italian space agency take the lead on the design of the Multi-Purpose Habitation (MPH) module. MPH is designed to act as a home base on the lunar surface to extend a crewed mission to the Moon or as a refuge in case of emergency.

Background info:

** Mega Scale Prop Production, with Saurav Shroff (CEO of Starpath) – Payload

The cost to build a mass scale propellant production system on the Moon? Much less than $100M according to Starpath cofounder and CEO Saurav Shroff. The LA-based startup is developing the infrastructure for lunar resource extraction—including a power plant, a fleet of rovers, and a processing plant.

In this episode, Saurav breaks down Starpath’s approach to off-planet fuel production and how it can enable cost-effective and reusable space travel. He also shares his thoughts on the future of lunar and Martian colonization and how propellant production plays a pivotal role in making interplanetary travel economically viable.

We also discuss:

– The technical hurdles of producing propellant on the Moon and Mars
– The impact of propellant production on reducing the cost of space travel
– The potential customers and business models
– How Starpath’s approach complements the vision of companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin
– The long-term vision for a human presence on the Moon and Mars, and what it will take to get there

And much more…

Chapters
00:00 – Intro
01:25 – What is Startpath?
04:11 – How was Starpath founded?
07:28 – The team
08:55 – Starpath with and without SpaceX
13:20 – Mega scale propellant production
16:30 – What type of propellant is Starpath making?
20:15 – What is Starpath building?
24:56 – Why build this power system yourself and why not nuclear?
28:56 – Plant & Rover
35:35 – Plan for success
39:59 – Speculation on SpaceX’s propellant production
43:49 – Who else is a potential customer?
45:49 – Revenue model
48:27 – Investors and common misconceptions
50:26 – Capital needs
51:43 – Competitors? China?
54:37 – First fuel production prediction
56:03 – 10-year vision
58:16 – Other businesses Saurav is excited about
1:00:17 – Which celebrity will play Saurav?

=== Mars habitation

** SpaceX aims for missions to Mars starting with uncrewed Starship flights in 2026:

By the way, our commercial Starlink program is the primary source of funding for Starship (NASA is helping too).

So thank for buying Starlink and supporting humanity’s future in space.

If you look closely at your Starlink router, you will notice that it has an illustration of…

— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) September 22, 2024

**Jared Issacman comments on response to Elon Musk’s Mars plan:

It’s fascinating to see the reactions to @elonmusk recent Mars timeline. Like so many things, it sparks fierce debate from echo chambers—those who either cling to every word, believing he’s infallible, and those who focus only on the negative in everything he or @SpaceX has ever…

— Jared Isaacman (@rookisaacman) September 22, 2024

=== Other space habitat and settlement news and articles:

=== Earth views from ISS

** Highlight: San Diego CA Tijuana MX – Las Vegas NV – Grand Canyon – Sep 25 2024 14:40 PDT – ISS Above

** Live Video from the International Space Station (Official NASA Stream) – NASA

====

=== Amazon Ads ===

Lego Ideas International Space Station
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Outpost in Orbit:
A Pictorial & Verbal History of the Space Station

In Space Infrastructure, Living in Space, Space Settlement

Space habitat reports – Sept.20.2024

September 20, 2024 TopSpacer

Here is this week’s selection of videos, articles, and news items concerning space habitats (govt and commercial), living in space, and space settlement.

=== International Space Station & NASA

** Space to Ground: Sunita in Charge: Sept. 20, 2024 – NASA Johnson

** NASA’s Starliner astronauts talk about watching their ride leave ISS without them – VideoFromSpace

NASA astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore talk about Starliner’s return trip and requesting an absentee ballot for the US election in November. Watch Starliner land: https://www.space.com/boeing-starline…

** Tracy C. Dyson Powers Space Station Research – NASA Johnson

NASA astronaut Tracy C. Dyson is returning home after a six-month mission aboard the International Space Station. While on orbit, Dyson conducted an array of experiments and technology demonstrations that contribute to advancements for humanity on Earth and the agency’s trajectory to the Moon and Mars. Here is a look at some of the science Dyson conducted during her mission: https://go.nasa.gov/4euV5kt

** NASA Aatronaut Discusses Life in Space with KCRA-TV, Sacramento – NASA Video

Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 71 Flight Engineer Tracy C. Dyson of NASA discussed life and work aboard the orbital outpost during an in-flight interview Sept. 20 with KCRA-TV. Dyson is in the midst of a long-duration mission aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration flights as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.

=== Commercial space habitats

** Updates on NASA’s transition from ISS to commercial space stations – Laura Forczyk

The International Space Station will soon be deorbited, and NASA is preparing to rely on commercial space stations, or commercial LEO destinations. In today’s NASA Advisory Council’s Human Exploration and Operations Committee meeting, NASA gave various updates on avoiding a gap in LEO, salvaging ISS items, the ISS deorbit timeline, the future of NASA microgravity research, and more.

** Axiom Space

— Axiom runs into financial turbulence: A key NASA commercial partner faces severe financial challenges | Ars Technica – Sept.17.2024

Axiom Space is facing significant financial headwinds as the company attempts to deliver on two key commercial programs for NASA—the development of a private space station in low-Earth orbit and spacesuits that could one day be worn by astronauts on the Moon.

Forbes reports that Axiom Space, which was founded by billionaire Kam Ghaffarian and NASA executive Mike Suffredini in 2016, has been struggling to raise money to keep its doors open and has had difficulties meeting its payroll dating back to at least early 2023. In addition, the Houston-based company has fallen behind on payments to key suppliers, including Thales Alenia Space for its space station and SpaceX for crewed launches.

— Progress on construction of Axiom’s first space habitat:

Axiom Station’s Habitat One pressure vessel nears completion! @Thales_Alenia_S has welded the Axial Bulkhead to the Cone Panel and is moving toward quality inspection. With this, only three more welds remain until the pressure vessel is complete and Hab One is prepared for… pic.twitter.com/wHrkVFDEaU

— Axiom Space (@Axiom_Space) August 29, 2024

— Spacious habitat interiors:

The @Axiom_Space Station crew quarters will be about 20% bigger than the ones currently on Space Station, and unlike current quarters, each one will have a window. pic.twitter.com/eUqxT39GE1

— Michael L-A (@CommanderMLA) September 17, 2024

** Sierra Space

–— Sierra updates NASA on progress with the projects (unfunded) carried out under the Collaborations for Commercial Space Capabilities-2 initiative (CCSC-2) :

On Sept. 11, we hosted NASA at our Eldorado campus for Milestone 5 of our Interim Design Review under CCSC-2, part of our NASA Space Act Agreement, where we summarized our Pathfinder mission and introduced our route to launch. pic.twitter.com/KKrArvUAYs

— Sierra Space (@SierraSpaceCo) September 20, 2024

Sierra’s CCSC-2 activities were described by NASA as follows:

Sierra Space is collaborating with NASA for the development of the company’s commercial low Earth orbit ecosystem, including next-generation space transportation, in-space infrastructure, and expandable and tailorable space facilities providing a human presence in low Earth orbit.

— Lunar oxygen production system demonstrated: Sierra Space Unveils Breakthrough Technology Designed to Extract Oxygen from Lunar Soil, Enabling Sustainable Human Presence on the Moon | Sierra Space – Sept.17.2024

Sierra Space, a leading commercial space company and defense tech prime that is Building a Platform in Space to Benefit Life on Earth®, announced today the company’s proprietary Carbothermal Oxygen Production Reactor has successfully completed thermal vacuum testing at NASA’s Johnson Space Center, heralding the first time in history that oxygen has been extracted from simulated lunar soil, or regolith, using an automated, standalone system in a lunar environment. The technology, when scaled up, is designed to produce oxygen in bulk to support one of the primary objectives of NASA’s Artemis program: establishing the first long-term presence on the moon.

“The Apollo program took us to the moon to study and learn. Artemis is taking us back to the moon, this time to stay,” said Tom Vice, CEO of Sierra Space. “Our company is focused on building the infrastructure necessary to enable continuous human presence on the lunar surface. This sustainable future begins with developing the core technology and systems that create oxygen in that environment, using local natural resources.”

Sierra Space test engineers spent two weeks in August operating the company’s oxygen extraction system inside a thermal vacuum chamber at Johnson, working with lunar regolith simulant in an environment the hardware would recognize as similar to the water-ice-laden south pole region of the moon. Under lunar temperatures and pressures, the Sierra Space system executed all of the regolith handling steps and performed the carbothermal reduction reaction that extracts oxygen from minerals in the regolith simulant.

This disruptive innovation, a system developed at Sierra Space’s facilities in Madison, Wisconsin, represents a major leap forward in enabling long-term human habitation on the moon and future space exploration endeavors. …

We’ve successfully completed thermal vacuum testing of our Carbothermal Oxygen Production Reactor at @NASA_Johnson, marking the first extraction of oxygen from simulated lunar soil (regolith) using an automated, standalone system in a lunar environment.https://t.co/CFkkVpim5D pic.twitter.com/lcWqDuHJu2

— Sierra Space (@SierraSpaceCo) September 17, 2024

** VAST

— Interview with VAST CEO Max Haot:

Vast CEO, @maxhaot, spoke with @washingtonpost’s @wapodavenport about the future of the ISS and Vast’s role in creating the first commercial space station at the @USChamber 2024 Global Aerospace Summit. As NASA plans the ISS’s retirement, we’re excited to partner with innovators… pic.twitter.com/dSWzqWY4TB

— VΛST (@vast) September 12, 2024

** SpaceX and Polaris project

— SpaceX Polaris Dawn spacewalk! See the first-ever private egress from crew – VideoFromSpace

SpaceX’s Polaris Dawn mission conducted the first-ever private spacewalk on Sept. 12, 2024. Full Story: https://www.space.com/spacex-polaris-…

During the spacewalk (also known as an extravehicular activity, or EVA), Polaris Dawn crewmembers Jared Isaacman (seen here) and Sarah Gillis exited their fully depressurized Crew Dragon spacecraft in specially-designed SpaceX spacesuits.

— SpaceX Polaris Dawn crew’s on-orbit event! Experiments explained + spacewalk time-lapse – VideoFromSpace

The Polaris Dawn crew Jared Isaacman, Scott “Kidd” Poteet, Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon explain the experiments conducted during the mission. Also, see a time-lapse of Isaacman’s spacewalk.

=== Chinese space habitats

** Chinese astronauts conduct experiments and more on Tiangong space station – VideoFromSpace

China’s Shenzhou-18 crew is seen conducting experiments and maintenance on the Tiangong space station.

=== Lunar habitation

** Lunar Development Conference Videos | The Moon Society

A selection of videos of presentations and panel discussions at the Moon Society‘s recent online conference has been posted. For example:

** Explore NASA’s lunar orbital Gateway habitat with 3D app: Gateway Space Station in 3D | NASA – Sept.11.2024

=== Space habitat technologies

** TESSERAE: Self-Assembling Prototypes — Aurelia Institute

Artist’s animation of a futuristic TESSERAE habitat that self-assembles in orbit, forms a multi-module space station, and can also be transported to the surface. Based on the real-life research project out of the MIT Space Exploration Initiative and Dr. Ariel Ekblaw’s PhD Thesis. To learn more: tesserae.arielekblaw.com

TESSERAE (Tessellated Electromagnetic Space Structures for the Exploration of Reconfigurable, Adaptive Environments). The name and nature of the structure hearken to the small, colored tiles used in Roman mosaics, where many standard pieces, or “tesserae,” interlock to create the image. We make this reference to ancient history, while designing an artifact of our space exploration future, to tie architectural elements together across scales and across millennia.

Rendering courtesy of TU Dortmund Fraunhofer Institute as part of a collaboration with MIT Media Lab SEI. Collaborator credit: Aswin Karthik Ramachandran Venkatapathy. Artist credit: David Knozowski.

** Metal 3-D Printing in microgravity:

Great news from the @Space_Station! @ESA’s 3D printer, developed by Airbus, has successfully printed its first metal part in space.
Learn more about this breakthrough achievement: https://t.co/LUYkjcVLn1 pic.twitter.com/nmMe4TrkuR

— Airbus Space (@AirbusSpace) September 6, 2024

=== Other space habitat and settlement news and articles: