{"id":5549,"date":"2013-12-05T18:55:20","date_gmt":"2013-12-05T18:55:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=5549"},"modified":"2013-12-05T18:55:20","modified_gmt":"2013-12-05T18:55:20","slug":"darpa-project-demonstrates-imaging-with-lightweight-membrane-optics-suitable-for-large-space-telescopes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=5549","title":{"rendered":"DARPA project demonstrates imaging with lightweight membrane optics suitable for large space telescopes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Perhaps this technology will be suitable for making telescopes large enough to resolve exoplanets:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/NewsEvents\/Releases\/2013\/12\/05.aspx\" target=\"_d\">First Folding Space Telescope Aims to \u201cBreak the Glass Ceiling\u201d of Traditional Designs<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>MOIRE program creates first-ever images using lightweight membrane optics,<br \/>\nwhich could help redefine how we build, launch and use orbital telescopes<\/i><\/p>\n<p>The capability of orbital telescopes to see wide swaths of the earth at a time has made them indispensable for key national security responsibilities such as weather forecasting, reconnaissance and disaster response. Even as telescope design has advanced, however, one aspect has remained constant since Galileo: using glass for lenses and mirrors, also known as optics. High-resolution imagery traditionally has required large-diameter glass mirrors, which are thick, heavy, difficult to make and expensive. As the need for higher-resolution orbital imagery expands, glass mirrors are fast approaching the point where they will be too large, heavy and costly for even the largest of today\u2019s rockets to carry to orbit.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/q5oqle9Ct4Q?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>DARPA\u2019s\u00a0<a title=\"Membrane Optical Imager for Real-Time Exploitation (MOIRE)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/Our_Work\/TTO\/Programs\/Membrane_Optic_Imager_Real-Time_Exploitation_(MOIRE).aspx\">Membrane Optical Imager for Real-Time Exploitation (MOIRE)<\/a>\u00a0program seeks to address these challenges. MOIRE aims to create technologies that would enable future high-resolution orbital telescopes to provide real-time video and images of the Earth from Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO)\u2014roughly 22,000 miles above the planet\u2019s surface. Size and cost constraints have so far prevented placing large-scale imaging satellites in GEO, so MOIRE is developing technologies that would make orbital telescopes much lighter, more transportable and more cost-effective.<\/p>\n<p>Currently in its second and final phase, the program recently successfully demonstrated a ground-based prototype that incorporated several critical technologies, including new lightweight polymer membrane optics to replace glass mirrors. Membrane optics traditionally have been too inefficient to use in telescope optics. MOIRE has achieved a technological first for membrane optics by nearly doubling their efficiency, from 30 percent to 55 percent. The improved efficiency enabled MOIRE to take the first images ever with membrane optics.<\/p>\n<p>While the membrane is less efficient than glass, which is nearly 90 percent efficient, its much lighter weight enables creating larger lenses that more than make up the difference. The membrane is also substantially lighter than glass. Based on the performance of the prototype, a new system incorporating MOIRE optics would come in at roughly one-seventh the weight of a traditional system of the same resolution and mass. As a proof of concept, the MOIRE prototype validates membrane optics as a viable technology for orbital telescopes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMembrane optics could enable us to fit much larger, higher-resolution telescopes in smaller and lighter packages,\u201d said\u00a0<a title=\"Lt. Col. Larry Gunn\" href=\"http:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/Our_Work\/TTO\/Personnel\/Lt_Col_Larry_Gunn.aspx\">Lt. Col. Larry Gunn<\/a>, DARPA program manager. \u201cIn that respect, we\u2019re \u2018breaking the glass ceiling\u2019 that traditional materials impose on optics design. We\u2019re hoping our research could also help greatly reduce overall costs and enable more timely deployment using smaller, less expensive launch vehicles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Instead of reflecting light with mirrors or refracting it with lenses, MOIRE\u2019s membrane optics diffract light. Roughly the thickness of household plastic wrap, each membrane serves as a Fresnel lens\u2014it is etched with circular concentric grooves like microscopically thin tree rings, with the grooves hundreds of microns across at the center down to only 4 microns at the outside edge. The diffractive pattern focuses light on a sensor that the satellite translates into an image.<\/p>\n<p>MOIRE technology houses the membranes in thin metal \u201cpetals\u201d that would launch in a tightly packed configuration roughly 20 feet in diameter. Upon reaching its destination orbit, a satellite would then unfold the petals to create the full-size multi-lens optics. The envisioned diameter of 20 meters (about 68 feet) would be the largest telescope optics ever made and dwarf the glass mirrors contained in the world\u2019s most famous telescopes.<\/p>\n<p>From GEO, it is believed, a satellite using MOIRE optics could see approximately 40 percent of the earth\u2019s surface at once. The satellite would be able to focus on a 10 km-by-10 km area at 1-meter resolution, and provide real-time video at 1 frame per second.<\/p>\n<p>Ball Aerospace and Technologies Company and the U.S. Air Force Academy are the prime contractors for Phase 2 of the MOIRE program.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Perhaps this technology will be suitable for making telescopes large enough to resolve exoplanets: First Folding Space Telescope Aims to \u201cBreak the Glass Ceiling\u201d of Traditional Designs MOIRE program creates first-ever images using lightweight membrane optics, which could help redefine how we build, launch and use orbital telescopes The capability of orbital telescopes to see &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=5549\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">DARPA project demonstrates imaging with lightweight membrane optics suitable for large space telescopes<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,27,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy","category-eyes-in-the-sky","category-science-and-technology"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-1rv","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":16402,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=16402","url_meta":{"origin":5549,"position":0},"title":"ESO: The Very Large Telescope (VLT) makes supersharp visible light images with adaptive optics","author":"TopSpacer","date":"July 18, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from ESO (European Southern Observatory) Supersharp Images from New VLT Adaptive Optics ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope (VLT) has achieved first light with a new adaptive optics mode called laser tomography \u2014 and has captured remarkably sharp test images of the planet Neptune, star clusters and other objects.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/eso1824a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4393,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=4393","url_meta":{"origin":5549,"position":1},"title":"Video: Imaging habitable exoplanets + PANOPTES citizen science exoplanet search","author":"TopSpacer","date":"September 10, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Here's a very interesting SETI Institute seminar by Olivier Guyon about the possibilities of directly imaging planets in the habitable zones of stars by using coronagraph techniques on telescopes to suppress the glare of the star. Could work with a Hubble size telescope in orbit or with the new giant\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/Da2KLcbUIV8\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4193,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=4193","url_meta":{"origin":5549,"position":2},"title":"Video: Breaking the Seeing Barrier for Planetary Astronomy","author":"TopSpacer","date":"August 28, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"The SETI Institute posts this video of a talk by Franck Marchis, about Breaking the Seeing Barrier for Planetary Astronomy http:\/\/youtu.be\/sfMJkuQWOIs Caption: When Galileo Galilei pointed his telescope toward Jupiter in 1609 and discovered what we now call the Galilean moons, he did not realized that he had just established\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/sfMJkuQWOIs\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":10644,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=10644","url_meta":{"origin":5549,"position":3},"title":"Videos: TMRO.tv Space Pods &#8211; Telescopes","author":"TopSpacer","date":"May 26, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Here are four telescope tutorials from TMRO.tv\u00a0Space Pod correspondent Jared Head TMRO is a crowd funded show. If you like this episode consider contributing to help us to continue to improve. Head over tohttp:\/\/www.patreon.com\/tmro for information, goals and reward levels. * Refractor vs. Reflector: Telescopes - Space Pod 04\/24\/15 Are\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/_HDAkZmTmn8\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":8433,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=8433","url_meta":{"origin":5549,"position":4},"title":"Corning donates $1.8M in equipment to BoldlyGo Astro-1 space telescope project","author":"TopSpacer","date":"July 29, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"An announcement from the\u00a0BoldlyGo Institute: BoldlyGo\u00a0Institute & Corning Incorporated Announce $1.8 Million Equipment Gift For\u00a0Astro-1\u00a0Space Telescope Project With Long History of Working on Astronomical Telescopes, Corning Donates Key Components of 1.8-Meter Space Telescope Primary Mirror BoldlyGo\u00a0Institute Aims to Launch\u00a0ASTRO-1\u00a0by Mid-2020\u2019s New York, NY (July 29)\u00a0-- The\u00a0BoldlyGo\u00a0Institute (BGI) \u2013 a new,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Activism&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Activism","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=3"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4089,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=4089","url_meta":{"origin":5549,"position":5},"title":"Telescope system corrects for atmospheric distortions in visible light observations","author":"TopSpacer","date":"August 22, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"The announcement below is quite interesting. 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(Photo: Adam Block\/UA SkyCenter)","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/uanews.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/story-page-headline-800-300\/public\/story-images\/m42%20by%20A%20Block_0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5549","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5549"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5549\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5551,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5549\/revisions\/5551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}