{"id":26651,"date":"2024-05-08T17:40:34","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T21:40:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=26651"},"modified":"2024-05-08T17:40:34","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T21:40:34","slug":"roundup-reusable-rocket-vehicles-may-8-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=26651","title":{"rendered":"Roundup: Reusable rocket vehicles &#8211; May.8.2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Below is a collection of news and updates on reusable rocket powered vehicles in operation and in development. See also these previous roundups:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=26534\">Mar.27.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=26402\">Feb.26.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=26206\">Nov.17.2023<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Such technology should eventually lead to space transports with aircraft-like operation. That is, orbital flight and return followed by rapid reflight with minimal preparation. Vehicles should fly thousands of times with only occasional refurbishment and, most importantly, spacefare should fall to levels similar to long distance airfare.<\/p>\n<p>In the decades following the launch of Sputnik 1, missile derived expendable launchers dominated and progress towards reusable transports moved at a slow crawl. The one major attempt at reusablity, the Space Shuttle, was a major disappointment, providing no reduction in space transport costs due to the lengthy refurbishment and component replacements after each flight. However, progress sped up considerably in the past decade with the arrival of the SpaceX Falcon 9, whose boosters have achieved <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/launches\/\">276 reflights and 305 landings<\/a> as of May.8.2024.<\/p>\n<p>Reusable rocket powered vehicle designs fall roughly into the following five categories:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Partially reusable orbital transport<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Operational: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/vehicles\/falcon-9\/\">SpaceX Falcon 9<\/a><\/li>\n<li>In development: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/new-shepard\">Blue Origin New Glenn<\/a>, Rocket Lab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rocketlabusa.com\/launch\/electron\/\">Electron<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rocketlabusa.com\/launch\/neutron\/\">Neutron<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.relativityspace.com\">Relativity Space<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.relativityspace.com\/terran-r\">Terran-R<\/a>, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fully reusable orbital transport<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>In development: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/vehicles\/starship\/\">SpaceX Starship<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stokespace.com\/\">Stoke Space<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reusable spacecraft<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Operational:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/vehicles\/dragon\/\">Crew\/Cargo Dragons<\/a>, Boeing\/USAF <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_X-37\">X-37 spaceplane<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2023\/12\/china-roundup-121723\/\">Chinese spaceplane<\/a><\/li>\n<li>In development: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boeing.com\/space\/starliner\/\">Boeing Starliner<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sierraspace.com\/dream-chaser-spaceplane\/\">Sierra Space Dreamchaser<\/a>, ESA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Enabling_Support\/Space_Transportation\/Space_Rider\">Space Rider<\/a>, etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fully reusable suborbital<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Operational high altitude: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/new-shepard\">Blue Origin New Shepard<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.virgingalactic.com\/\">Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Operational low altitude: Astrobotic <a href=\"https:\/\/masten.aero\/\">VTVL rockets<\/a>,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.exosaero.com\/\">Exos Aerospace<\/a>, Landspace (China), etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fully reusable hypersonic suborbital<\/strong> for long distance point-to-point transport:\n<ul>\n<li>In development: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.venusaero.com\/\">Venus Aerospace<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.venusaero.com\/stargazer\/\">Stargazer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.polaris-raumflugzeuge.de\/Technology\/Light-Spaceplane-AURORA\">POLARIS Aurora<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfaero.com\/\">New Frontier Aerospace<\/a>, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Below are reports on several projects and programs that fall into at least one of these categories.<\/p>\n<p>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/vehicles\/starship\/\"><strong>SpaceX Starship<\/strong><\/a> &#8211;\u00a0<em> Preparations for 4th test flight, Elon Musk design update, construction of new launch tower, etc.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Starship news highlights since the last update:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The 4th test flight is expected by end of May and could happen as early as the middle of the month.<\/li>\n<li>Elon Musk gave an update to an assembly of workers at Starbase in Boca Chica, Texas. Some items of interest:\n<ul>\n<li>The 4th test flight will attempt a soft landing of the booster onto the Gulf of Mexico waters.<\/li>\n<li>The sea landing will emulate the return of a booster into the grasp of the mounting arms (i.e. the flycatcher) on the launch tower. If this goes well, the fifth test mission may attempt an actual booster catch on the launch tower at Starbase.<\/li>\n<li>The priority for the Starship upper stage is to survive reentry and a soft landing on the water.<\/li>\n<li>Starship will need to survive several ocean returns before attempting a tower catch.<\/li>\n<li>The Starship Version 3 will take 200+ tons to orbit using upgraded Raptor engines, 6 engines instead of 3 in ship stage, and longer stages. (See Starship Performance table below.)<\/li>\n<li>Establishing a self-sustainable city on Mars remains the top priority.<\/li>\n<li>A lunar base will be a side-benefit of the Mars program.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The fluid transfer test on the 3rd test flight went well.<\/li>\n<li>The transfer of propellants between two Starships in orbit will be tested in 2025.<\/li>\n<li>The uncrewed Starship lunar landing demo mission will also include lifting off from the lunar surface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More about these items follows.<\/p>\n<p><strong>** Elon Musk update presentation on April 4, 2024<\/strong> to SpaceX employees: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/updates\/#make-life-multiplanetary\">To make life multiplanetary &#8211; SpaceX Updates &#8211; Apr.6.2024<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The goal of SpaceX is to build the technologies necessary to make life multiplanetary. This is the first time in the 4-billion-year history of Earth that it\u2019s possible to realize that goal and protect the light of consciousness.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>At Starbase on Thursday, April 4, SpaceX Chief Engineer Elon Musk provided an update on the company\u2019s plans to send humanity to Mars, the best destination to begin making life multiplanetary.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>All of SpaceX\u2019s current programs, including Falcon, Dragon, Starlink, and Starship are integral to developing the technologies necessary to make missions to Mars a reality. The update included near-term priorities for Starship that will unlock its ability to be fully and rapidly reusable, the core enabler for transforming humanity\u2019s ability to send large amounts of payload to orbit and beyond. With more flight tests, significant vehicle upgrades, and missions returning astronauts to the surface of the Moon with NASA\u2019s Artemis Program all coming soon, excitement will continue to be guaranteed with Starship.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The talk also includes the mechanics and challenges of traveling to Mars, along with what we\u2019re building today to enable sending around a million people and several million tonnes to the Martian surface in the years to come.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-media-max-width=\"560\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">At Starbase, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ElonMusk<\/a> provided an update on the company\u2019s plans to send humanity to Mars, the best destination to begin making life multiplanetary <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/PiX8XOgQs5\">pic.twitter.com\/PiX8XOgQs5<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 SpaceX (@SpaceX) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SpaceX\/status\/1776669097490776563?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 6, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Some slides and videos of interest<\/strong> from Elon Musk&#8217;s presentation:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Starship upgrades<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26759\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26759\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"26759\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=26759\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PerformanceComparison-MuskTalk-2024-04-04_1000x606.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,606\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Performance Comparison\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Comparison of performance for Starship designs shown by Elon Musk in Starbase talk on &lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PerformanceComparison-MuskTalk-2024-04-04_1000x606.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26759\" src=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PerformanceComparison-MuskTalk-2024-04-04_1000x606-500x303.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PerformanceComparison-MuskTalk-2024-04-04_1000x606-500x303.jpg 500w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PerformanceComparison-MuskTalk-2024-04-04_1000x606-768x465.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PerformanceComparison-MuskTalk-2024-04-04_1000x606.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26759\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A comparison of the performance for three generations of Starship designs. Table shown by Elon Musk in Starbase talk on April 4th. Credit: SpaceX<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Catching a Super Heavy booster:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-media-max-width=\"560\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The update included near-term priorities for Starship that will unlock its ability to be fully and rapidly reusable, the core enabler for transforming humanity\u2019s ability to send large amounts of payload to orbit and beyond <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/bkxS7fNSnt\">pic.twitter.com\/bkxS7fNSnt<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 SpaceX (@SpaceX) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SpaceX\/status\/1776669517860786631?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 6, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bases on the Moon and Mars<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">What we\u2019re building today will enable sending around a million people and several million tonnes to the Martian surface in the years to come \u2192 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/F8OOgqMFfh\">https:\/\/t.co\/F8OOgqMFfh<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/FRrIJg6DXY\">pic.twitter.com\/FRrIJg6DXY<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 SpaceX (@SpaceX) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SpaceX\/status\/1776671077382705485?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 6, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>A couple of responses to Elon&#8217;s talk:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/04\/elon-musk-just-gave-another-mars-speech-this-time-the-vision-seems-tangible\/\">Elon Musk just gave another Mars speech\u2014this time the vision seems tangible | Ars Technica &#8211; Apr.8.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarddavid.com\/elon-musk-new-details-on-making-life-multiplanetary\/\">Elon Musk: New Details on Making Life Multiplanetary | Leonard David &#8211; Apr.8.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#8212;- Update on lunar projects and orbital refueling<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The propellant transfer test on third flight apparently went well according to Amit Kshatriya, the deputy associate administrator for NASA&#8217;s Moon to Mars Program:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span class=\"css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0\">&#8220;He also noted that the inter-tank cryogenic propellant transfer test on the third Starship flight last month was successful by all accounts, although analysis of data from it is ongoing.&#8221; &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/jeff_foust\/status\/1783874894918193472\">Jeff Foust on Twitter<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Kshatriya provide two slides outlining the propellant transfer demonstration mission:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Starship &#8220;Target&#8221; and &#8220;Chaser&#8221; for the prop transfer (refilling) demo. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/H6bJw1EO0w\">pic.twitter.com\/H6bJw1EO0w<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Chris Bergin &#8211; NSF (@NASASpaceflight) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASASpaceflight\/status\/1783876985401299002?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 26, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>More on Kshatriya&#8217;s discussion of Starship refueling:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/spacex-making-progress-on-starship-in-space-refueling-technologies\/\">SpaceX making progress on Starship in-space refueling technologies | SpaceNews &#8211; Apr.27.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2024\/04\/nasa-hls-update\/\">NASA Updates on Starship Refueling, as SpaceX Prepares Flight 4 of Starship | NASASpaceFlight.com &#8211; Apr.28.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>** Starship lunar landing demonstration mission<\/strong> will include liftoff from surface<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Kshatriya said the Starship HLS uncrewed demo lunar landing mission now includes an ascent test to demonstrate the vehicle can lift back off.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Jeff Foust (@jeff_foust) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jeff_foust\/status\/1783877352432263175?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 26, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Kshatriya confirmed the fourth flight test<\/strong> should happen in May:<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">NASA&#8217;s Amit Kshatriya says at an advisory committee meeting this morning that the agency expects SpaceX to attempt its next Starship\/Super Heavy test flight by the end of May.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Jeff Foust (@jeff_foust) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jeff_foust\/status\/1783873517152317858?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 26, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** SpaceX video of third test flight<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>On March 14, 2024, Starship successfully lifted off at 8:25 a.m. CT from Starbase in Texas and went on to accomplish several major milestones and firsts.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Starship&#8217;s six second stage Raptor engines all started successfully and powered the vehicle to its expected orbit, becoming the first Starship to complete its full-duration ascent burn. Starship went on to experience its first ever entry from space, providing valuable data on heating and vehicle control during hypersonic reentry. Live views of entry were made possible by Starlink terminals operating on Starship.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>This rapid iterative development approach has been the basis for all of SpaceX\u2019s major innovative advancements, including Falcon, Dragon, and Starlink. Recursive improvement is essential as we work to build a fully reusable transportation system capable of carrying both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, help humanity return to the Moon, and ultimately travel to Mars and beyond.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ApMrILhTulI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>*<strong>* &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/esherifftv\">Ellie in Space<\/a>&#8221; interview with Eric Berger<\/strong>, who is following up on his book <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3UwbXyy\">Liftoff<\/a> <\/em><\/strong>[<em>commission link<\/em>] about the early days of SpaceX with a new book titled <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4bt15Zr\"><em><strong>Reentry<\/strong><\/em><\/a> [<em>commission link<\/em>], which focuses on the development of the reusable Falcon 9 and its impact on the space industry.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-media-max-width=\"560\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Space journalist Eric Berger on SpaceX&#8217;s Starship, Jeff Bezos, and more<br \/>\nThank you for the interview, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SciGuySpace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@SciGuySpace<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/93eS3wNN01\">pic.twitter.com\/93eS3wNN01<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Ellie in Space (@esherifftv) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/esherifftv\/status\/1787142711201411159?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 5, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/thespaceshow.com\/show\/07-apr-2024\/broadcast-4183-chris-prophet-uk\">The Space Show interviewed<\/a><\/strong> guest <a href=\"https:\/\/thespaceshow.com\/guest\/christopher-prophet\">Christopher Prophet<\/a>, who has written extensively about SpaceX.<\/p>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-26651-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/thespaceshow.com\/sites\/default\/files\/shows\/4183-BWB-2024-04-07.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/thespaceshow.com\/sites\/default\/files\/shows\/4183-BWB-2024-04-07.mp3\">https:\/\/thespaceshow.com\/sites\/default\/files\/shows\/4183-BWB-2024-04-07.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<ul>\n<li>Articles:\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fourth flight test:\n<ul>\n<li>Starship S29, Super Heavy Booster B11<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2024\/04\/ift-4-prepares-starships-future-focus\/\">As IFT-4 prepares for launch, Starship\u2019s future is coming into focus | NASASpaceFlight.com &#8211; Apr.19.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Fifth flight test:\n<ul>\n<li>Presumably with Starship S30, Super Heavy Booster B12<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/uxoqT5vZRRo\">Starship 30 Static Fire Test | SpaceX Boca Chica<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@NASASpaceflight\">NASASpaceFlight Youtube<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; May.8.2024<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2024\/05\/ship-30-and-flight-4-preparations\/\">Ship 30 set to Static Fire next week as Flight 4 Preparations Continue | NASASpaceFlight.com &#8211; May.5.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ringwatchers.com\/article\/s30-updates\">Moving into the Thirties: What&#8217;s New on Starship 30? | Ringwatchers &#8211; May.1.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/FScanxR4TiE\">Construction Everywhere at The World&#8217;s Busiest Spaceport | KSC Flyover<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@NASASpaceflight\">NASASpaceFlight Youtube<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; May.8.2024 &#8211; Includes views and updates on SpaceX facilities in support of Starship and Falcon 9.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/04\/nasa-may-alter-artemis-iii-to-have-starship-and-orion-dock-in-low-earth-orbit\/\">NASA may alter Artemis III to have Starship and Orion dock in low-Earth orbit | Ars Technica &#8211; Apr.22.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/esdmd\/artemis-campaign-development-division\/human-landing-system-program\/work-underway-on-large-cargo-landers-for-nasas-artemis-moon-missions\/\">Work Underway on Large Cargo Landers for NASA\u2019s Artemis Moon Missions | NASA &#8211; Apr.19.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextbigfuture.com\/2024\/04\/spacex-reusable-starship-could-become-cheaper-than-intercontinental-airplanes-for-earth-cargo.html\">SpaceX Reusable Starship Could Become Cheaper than Intercontinental Airplanes for Earth Cargo | NextBigFuture.com &#8211; Apr.2.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Resources:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/vehicles\/starship\/\">Starship &#8211; SpaceX<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/launches\/mission\/?missionId=starship-flight-3\">Starship&#8217;s Third Flight Test &#8211; Mar.14.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/launches\/mission\/?missionId=starship-flight-2\">Starship&#8217;s Second Flight Test &#8211; Nov.18.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/launches\/mission\/?missionId=starship-flight-test\">Starship Flight Test [1] &#8211; Apr.20.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/everydayastronaut.com\/previous-launches\/\">Everyday Astronaut &#8211; Flight reviews<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/everydayastronaut.com\/starship-superheavy-integrated-flight-test-3\/\">Starship\/Super Heavy | Integrated Flight Test #3<\/a> &#8211; <em>March 14, 2024<\/em> &#8211; Starship S28, Booster B10<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/everydayastronaut.com\/starship-superheavy-flight-test-2\/\">Starship\/SuperHeavy | Integrated Flight Test #2<\/a> &#8211; <em>Nov. 18, 2023 &#8211; <\/em>Starship S25, Booster B9<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/everydayastronaut.com\/starship-superheavy-starship-flight-test\/\">Starship\/SuperHeavy | Starship Flight Test <\/a>&#8211; <em>April 20, 2023 &#8211;<\/em> Starship S24, Booster B7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/InfographicTony\">Tony Bela &#8211; Infographic news (@InfographicTony) \/ X<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/rondaz_4\/status\/1768116440853586200\">Integrated Flight Test &#8211; 3 Infographic <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/InfographicTony\/status\/1725491129549000925\/photo\/1\">Integrated Flight Test &#8211; 2 Infographic<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RyanHansenSpace\">Ryan Hansen Space (@RyanHansenSpace) \/ X<\/a> &#8211; Photorealistic graphics and animations<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/starship-spacex.fandom.com\/wiki\/Starship_SpaceX_Wiki\">Starship SpaceX Wiki | Fandom<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ringwatchers.com\/\">Ringwatchers <\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ringwatchers.com\/article\/v2-ship-apr-2024\">Something New: What&#8217;s the Hardware Status of Starship Version 2? &#8211; Apr.14.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Video reports and webcams:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LabPadre\">LabPadre at YouTube<\/a>,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LabPadre\/streams\">live webcams<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@RGVAerialPhotography\/videos\">RGV Aerial Photography &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@NASASpaceflight\/videos\">NASASpaceflight at YouTube<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@NASASpaceflight\/streams\">live webcams<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@MarcusHouse\">Marcus House &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@Whataboutit\/videos\">What about it!? &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@CSIStarbase\/videos\">CSI Starbase &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@StarshipGazer\/videos\">Starship Gazer &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For lots of\u00a0 background info on Starship, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/starshipreport.com\/\"><strong>SpaceX Starship report<\/strong><\/a>, which is published by <a href=\"https:\/\/newspaceglobal.com\/\">NewSpace Global<\/a> and for which I was the primary author. The initial version came out in March 2023 and then we updated it in May 2023 to include coverage of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-1wcilQ58hI\">first flight test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">==================<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Check out the<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelurioreport.com\/\"><strong>The Lurio Report<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nfor news and analysis of key developments in NewSpace<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The latest issue:<br \/>\n<em><strong>Starlink\u2019s Progress, Vulcan, Moon Landing Attempts<br \/>\nVol. 19, No. 1, February 2, 2024<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Space Frontier Foundation Award for NewSpace Journalism<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">==================<\/p>\n<p><strong>**<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/vehicles\/falcon-9\/\"><strong>SpaceX Falcon Rockets &amp; Dragon Spacecraft<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212; Falcon 9 booster achieves 20 flights<\/strong> for the first time.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Since its first mission in November 2020, this single first stage has launched eight astronauts and more than 500 satellites, totaling 261+ metric tons to orbit in under four years <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/FVQwhAJto6\">pic.twitter.com\/FVQwhAJto6<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 SpaceX (@SpaceX) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SpaceX\/status\/1778964313845506535?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 13, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>As of May 2nd, three boosters had reached 20 flights. Flying 20 times was the most recent milestone for F9 booster reuse.\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/01\/elon-musks-recent-all-hands-meeting-at-spacex-was-full-of-interesting-news\/\">Elon Musk in January said<\/a> the next goal is to qualify F9 boosters for 40 flights.<\/p>\n<p>An analysis of F9 launch rate: <a href=\"https:\/\/planetocracy.substack.com\/p\/mass-value-report-for-march-2024?r=o5hs8&amp;triedRedirect=true\">Mass Value Report for March 2024 &#8211; by Peter Hague | Planetocracy &#8211; Apr.1.2024<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212; Merlin engine reuse exceeds 20 flights<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The engines on the boosters can be swapped out between flights and used on different boosters. Some engines have now been reused more than the most-flown booster:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Main engine cutoff and stage separation. One of the nine Merlin engines powering tonight&#8217;s first stage is our flight leader, powering its 22nd mission to Earth orbit <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/xkTrPdOdsW\">pic.twitter.com\/xkTrPdOdsW<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 SpaceX (@SpaceX) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SpaceX\/status\/1760882381148623202?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 23, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Number of successful F9 booster landings now exceeds 300<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/04\/spacex-has-now-landed-more-boosters-than-most-other-rockets-ever-launch\/\">SpaceX has now landed more boosters than most other rockets ever launch | Ars Technica &#8211; Apr.24.2024<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>&#8230; SpaceX is now launching at a rate of one mission every 2.7 days this year. Consider that, from the mid-1980s through the 2010s, the record for the total number of launches worldwide in any given year was 129. This year alone, SpaceX is on pace for between 130 and 140 total launches.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>But with Tuesday evening&#8217;s mission, there was a singular number that stood out: 300. The Falcon family, which includes the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy boosters, recorded its 300th successful first-stage landing.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>In the fleet&#8217;s lifetime, then, SpaceX has landed about 85 percent of the Falcon rockets it has launched. These days, more than 90 percent of all its missions launch on previously flown boosters. So rocket recycling is totally a thing.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>** More Falcon 9 news and articles<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>With the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacex.com\/launches\/mission\/?missionId=maxar1\">Maxar-1 launch<\/a> of two Worldview satellites on May 2nd, &#8220;<span class=\"css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3\">Falcon 9 has now successfully delivered payloads into orbit successfully 300 times in a row since the Amos 6 explosion.<\/span>&#8221; &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/Alexphysics13\/status\/1786117485105668422\">Alejandro Alcantarilla Romera (Alex)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/04\/the-hidden-story-behind-one-of-spacexs-wettest-and-wildest-launches\/\">The hidden story behind one of SpaceX\u2019s wettest and wildest launches | Ars Technica &#8211; Apr.18.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>** <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/new-glenn\">Blue Origin New Glenn<\/a><\/strong> &#8211; <em>Progress towards first flight in 2024<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/FScanxR4TiE\">Construction Everywhere at The World&#8217;s Busiest Spaceport | KSC Flyover<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@NASASpaceflight\">NASASpaceFlight Youtube<\/a> &#8211; May.8.2024 &#8211; Includes views and updates on Blue Origin facilities in support of New Glenn..<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rocketlabusa.com\/\">Rocket Lab<\/a><\/strong> &#8211; <em>Recovered Electron booster tank in preparation for reflight<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Rocket Lab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rocketlabusa.com\/updates\/rocket-lab-returns-previously-flown-electron-to-production-line-in-preparation-for-first-reflight\/\">announced on April 10th<\/a> that<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>it is returning a previously flown Electron rocket first stage tank into the Electron production line for the first time in preparation for reflying the stage. The step is a significant milestone in Rocket Lab\u2019s development program to make Electron the world\u2019s first reusable small orbital launch vehicle.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The booster was recovered from mission in January. This is the same booster structure but presumably with different engines and\/or other supporting subsystems.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Rocket Lab has successfully recovered multiple Electron first stages from previous missions by returning them to Earth under a parachute after launch, splashing them down in the ocean, then collecting them onto a specially modified boat for transfer back to Rocket Lab\u2019s production complex. All previously recovered boosters have undergone extensive analysis to inform an iterative development process to make Electron reusable, but this is the first time a tank has been moved back onto the standard production line in preparation for reflight.The stage was successfully launched and recovered as part of the \u2018Four of a Kind\u2019 mission on 31 January 2024 and has already passed more acceptance tests than any other recovered Electron stage, including:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"bwlistdisc\">\n<li><em>Tank pressurization test \u2013 a process that filled the carbon composite tank with inert gas and held it in excess of maximum operating pressure for more than 20x longer than the standard Electron flight duration;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Helium leak check \u2013 a stringent process that determines there are no leaks in the tank; and<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Carbon fiber structural testing \u2013 including ultrasonic assessment and other non-destructive tests to confirm no delamination of the carbon composite tank fibers.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The tank will<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>undergo final fit out and rigorous qualification and acceptance testing to the same standard as a brand-new Electron tank to determine the recovered stage\u2019s suitability for reflight.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>If successful, this would be the second rocket to reuse a liquid fuel booster tank following SpaceX&#8217;s success with reuse of the Falcon 9 first stages.<\/p>\n<p><strong>** Testing begins for first complete Archimedes engine<\/strong>. Nine of Archimedes engines will power the first stage of the reusable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rocketlabusa.com\/launch\/neutron\/\">Neutron<\/a> rocket and one in a configuration for vacuum will power the second stage.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Isn\u2019t it beautiful!? Say hello to our first complete Archimedes engine.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s already out the door of our Engine Development Complex in Long Beach and installed on the test stand in Mississippi at <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASAStennis?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAStennis<\/a> ready for first hot fire.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/akd_ams?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@akd_ams<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/jlElwtgm6X\">pic.twitter.com\/jlElwtgm6X<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Rocket Lab (@RocketLab) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RocketLab\/status\/1787590838178254925?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 6, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Neutron debut launch slips to mid-2025<\/strong> from prior target at end of 2024:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/payloadspace.com\/rocket-lab-throws-in-the-towel-on-2024-neutron-launch\/\">Rocket Lab Throws in the Towel on 2024 Neutron Launch | Payload &#8211; May.7.2024<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/PowerPoint Presentation - FINAL_Rocket-Lab-Q1-2024-presentation.pdf\">Presentation &#8211; Q1 Investor Update | Rocket Lab &#8211; May.6.2024 (pdf)<\/a> &#8211; Includes brief update on Archimedes engines, Neutron structures, and launch pad construction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stokespace.com\/\"><strong>Stoke Space<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; <em>Engine testing underway<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Fun Fact: The photo below was taken just a few hours from the one above. Engine went from checkout tests in Kent, WA to the test site in Moses Lake, WA &amp; installed on the stand all within a day. A huge advantage to our speed is proximity of our test site. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/rapidbydesign?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#rapidbydesign<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/lXgf1vushg\">pic.twitter.com\/lXgf1vushg<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Stoke Space (@stoke_space) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/stoke_space\/status\/1776331975223079369?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 5, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.relativityspace.com\">Relativity Space<\/a><\/strong><em>&#8211; Focus on Terran R development with initial launch in 2026<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Relativity is making progress on development of the Terran R mid-range launcher with a reusable first stage. The current expectation is for the first launch to happen in 2026. The company recently chose not to compete for a military launch contract since it required launches in 2025: <a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/relativity-space-delays-nssl-bid-focuses-on-2026-terran-r-debut\/\">Relativity Space delays NSSL bid, focuses on 2026 Terran R debut | SpaceNews &#8211; Apr.10.2024<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212; Progress on Cape Canaveral launch facility<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Soarin\u2019 over Launch Complex 16, Cape Canaveral, FL. \u2013 making room for something big, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/TerranR?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#TerranR<\/a> launch pad in progress.<br \/>\n\u2714\ufe0f Site cleared<br \/>\n\u2714\ufe0f Site grubbed<br \/>\nWaterline install in progress <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/WxQyoWxYVg\">pic.twitter.com\/WxQyoWxYVg<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Relativity Space (@relativityspace) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/relativityspace\/status\/1780287280432980431?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 16, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212; Relativity tests the aerodynamics<\/strong> of the Terran R design: <strong><em>Relatively Speaking: Wind Tunnel Terran R Testing Explained <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Join the aerodynamics team on a behind the scenes deep dive into Terran R wind tunnel testing at NASA Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel facility.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Simulating a Terran R flight, the data collected is crucial in determining driving load cases for a reliable and reusable Terran R, informing critical design points and cases to ensure stage 1 landing back on Earth.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>00:00 \u2013 00:44 Why invest in a model and wind tunnel testing? <\/em><br \/>\n<em>00:45 \u2013 1:04 What are the key advantages of wind tunnel testing? <\/em><br \/>\n<em>1:05 \u2013 1:43 What is a wind tunnel? <\/em><br \/>\n<em>1:44 \u2013 2:10 NASA Langley UPWT facilities overview <\/em><br \/>\n<em>2:11 \u2013 2:55 Testing objectives <\/em><br \/>\n<em>2:55 \u2013 3:31 Units of measurement: Mach, Reynolds, and Schlieren <\/em><br \/>\n<em>3:32 \u2013 4:13 End goal: Stage 1 safe re-entry<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AgrCCHTRQro?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212; Aeon R testing ASMR &#8211;<\/strong> <a class=\"href=&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@RelativitySpace&quot;\">Relativity Space<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The sounds of @NASA Stennis Space Center\u2014from E1 thrust chamber assembly testing to E2 gas generator and R Stand engine testing\u2014enjoy. 1,000+ tests in the books including over 50 Aeon R engine tests and counting since the R Stand was activated in October 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/X-y2zplK3AM?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>** <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/\">Orbex<\/a> <\/strong>&#8211; <em>Reusable stage employs patented drag brake design<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Orbex is a UK company based in Scotland that is developing a two-stage rocket vehicle they call <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/launch-vehicle\">Orbex Prime<\/a>. The Prime&#8217;s first stage is reusable. The 19 meter tall rocket will put <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/launch-services\/payloads\">payload<\/a>s up to 180 kg into a sun-synchronous orbits when launched from the company&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/spaceport\">spaceport<\/a>, currently under construction in <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/launch-services\/launch-site\">Sutherland, Scotland<\/a>. The company was <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/about-us\/history\">founded in 2015<\/a> and has raised <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/about-us\/partners\">backing<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2020\/12\/orbex-raises-24-million-in-new-funding-can-now-scale-up-for-orbital-launch\/\">private<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/news\/orbex-awarded-3-3-million-as-part-of-european-space-agencys-boost-initiative\">government<\/a> sources including ESA and UK.<\/p>\n<p>The company has developed its own engines. The first stage uses six engines and the upper stage one. The engines burn a bio-propane fuel, which the company says is &#8220;<em>that cuts carbon emissions by 90% compared to old-fashioned hydrocarbons<\/em>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>A prototype Prime was rolled out to a test pad in 2022: <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/news\/orbex-reveals-first-full-scale-microlauncher-rocket-developed-in-europe\">Orbex Reveals First Full-scale Microlauncher Rocket | Orbex &#8211; May.11.2022<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26652\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26652\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/news\/orbex-reveals-first-full-scale-microlauncher-rocket-developed-in-europe\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"26652\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=26652\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PrimeOnTestPad_2022_01_1000x667.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Prime On Test Pad\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Prototype Prime rocket on test pad in May 2022.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PrimeOnTestPad_2022_01_1000x667.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26652\" src=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PrimeOnTestPad_2022_01_1000x667-500x334.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PrimeOnTestPad_2022_01_1000x667-500x334.jpg 500w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PrimeOnTestPad_2022_01_1000x667-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PrimeOnTestPad_2022_01_1000x667.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26652\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prototype Prime rocket on test pad in May 2022. Credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/news\/orbex-reveals-first-full-scale-microlauncher-rocket-developed-in-europe\">Orbex<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The first stage returns for a soft landing. The stage&#8217;s descent is slowed via drag brakes deployed via a patented &#8220;petal fold&#8221; technique: <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/news\/patent-secured-for-petal-fold-reusable-rocket-technology\">Patent secured for &#8216;petal fold&#8217; reusable rocket technology | Orbex &#8211; Mar.27.2024<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Orbex\u2019s Prime rocket will consist of two stages, and the REFLIGHT system repurposes the interstage structure located between the stages. After Stage 1 detaches from Stage 2, the interstage on top of Stage 1 reconfigures into four \u2018petals\u2019 which fold out and create drag forces that passively reorients and slows the spent rocket stage\u2019s descent to Earth.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The company claims this technology<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>enables recovery of the launch vehicle by repurposing existing structural features, while adding very little additional weight to the vehicle. It thereby enables reusability with very limited overall performance penalty and no additional rocket propulsion emissions in the upper atmosphere during re-entry. This should be compared to other reusable launch systems using powered descent (rocket engine firings) to slow down the vehicle during re-entry and landing.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26653\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26653\" style=\"width: 376px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/news\/patent-secured-for-petal-fold-reusable-rocket-technology\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"26653\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=26653\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PetalFoldDragBrakes-Orbex-May2024_1000x1330.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,1330\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Petal Fold Drag Brakes\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A prototype of the Petal Fold drag brake system for Orbex Prime rocket: Credits: Orbex&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PetalFoldDragBrakes-Orbex-May2024_1000x1330-770x1024.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26653\" src=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PetalFoldDragBrakes-Orbex-May2024_1000x1330-376x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"376\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PetalFoldDragBrakes-Orbex-May2024_1000x1330-376x500.jpg 376w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PetalFoldDragBrakes-Orbex-May2024_1000x1330-770x1024.jpg 770w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PetalFoldDragBrakes-Orbex-May2024_1000x1330-768x1021.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/PetalFoldDragBrakes-Orbex-May2024_1000x1330.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26653\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A prototype of the Petal Fold drag brake system for Orbex Prime rocket: Credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/news\/patent-secured-for-petal-fold-reusable-rocket-technology\">Orbex<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The stage will be recovered at sea:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>In combination with a lightweight parachute the drag created by the petals will enable Stage 1\u2019s to perform a low velocity landing at sea.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Orbex will then recover the floating Stage 1 and return it to its factory in Forres for refurbishment and\/or recycling. During descent and recovery, there will be no debris left in orbit, on land or in sea, creating a \u2018circular rocket economy\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The company was also awarded a patent for &#8220;<em>coaxial tank structure<\/em>&#8221; design that situates the fuel tank within the liquid oxygen tank: <a href=\"https:\/\/orbex.space\/news\/orbex-secures-international-patent-for-coaxial-rocket-fuel-tanks\">Coaxial Tank Patent Orbex | Orbex &#8211; Feb.2024<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Very small rockets which copy the traditional `stacked` tank architecture of larger rockets are less efficient and cost-effective than their larger counterparts, because they carry much less fuel per unit of \u2018dry mass\u2019. This central inefficiency was the major engineering challenge that the Orbex team set out to solve with the Orbex Prime architecture.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The Orbex team created a unique answer to that challenge, by nesting the fuel tank within an outer tank of liquid oxygen. This tank arrangement has unique synergies with Orbex\u2019s choice of bio-propane as a rocket fuel because bio-propane does not freeze solid when chilled to the same temperature as liquid oxygen. The coaxial tank structure thus removes surplus components and sub-systems such as insulation, extra bulkheads, external pipework, heavy tank walls and thermal conditioning equipment.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The first launch of Prime should be within the <a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/innovation\/uk-rocket-first-sustainable-satellite-launch\">next year or so<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>See also:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Enabling_Support\/Space_Transportation\/Boost\/Boosting_greener_rockets_with_Orbex\">Boosting greener rockets with Orbex | ESA &#8211; Dec.13.2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/innovation\/uk-rocket-first-sustainable-satellite-launch\">UK rocket company edges closer to first sustainable satellite launch | Interesting Engineering &#8211; Nov.28.2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2023\/05\/orbex-sutherland-spaceport\/\">Orbex breaks ground on Sutherland Spaceport as UK prepares to enter domestic launch market | NASASpaceFlight.com &#8211; May.4.2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/lockheed-martin-and-orbex-to-launch-uk-into-new-space-age\">Lockheed Martin and Orbex to launch UK into new space age | GOV.UK &#8211; July.16.2018\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>** <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radianaerospace.com\/\"><strong>Radian Aerospace<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; <em>Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spaceplane with sled launch<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A rocket-driven sled would hurl the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.radianaerospace.com\/radian-one\">Radian One<\/a> winged vehicle on a trajectory to orbit after a quick trip down a 2-mile long track. (Arguably, the sled is a booster stage.)<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-media-max-width=\"560\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The next generation of launch has arrived. Meet <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/RadianOne?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#RadianOne<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/QBXY4c0zc9\">pic.twitter.com\/QBXY4c0zc9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Radian Aerospace (@RadianSpace) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RadianSpace\/status\/1775561399692828978?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 3, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Five methane\/liquid oxygen engines power the vehicle in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geekwire.com\/2024\/radian-aerospace-update-space-plane-design\/\">the latest design<\/a>. The sled would used three of the same engines. Radian One is designed to carry as many as 5 passengers to LEO and a total payload of up to 2270 kg . The vehicle\u00a0 can return from orbit with up to 4540 kg and land at any airport with a long enough runway. The goal is a 48-hour turnaround for reflight.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Introducing <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/RadianOne?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#RadianOne<\/a>! Today, we&#8217;re revealing the latest renders of Radian One&#8217;s groundbreaking design as well as our new website! We&#8217;re thrilled to unveil the revolutionary capabilities of the world&#8217;s first fully integrated <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/spaceplane?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#spaceplane<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0fExplore more: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/Rgjv8tN8RO\">https:\/\/t.co\/Rgjv8tN8RO<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/Dfe0FZw25O\">pic.twitter.com\/Dfe0FZw25O<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Radian Aerospace (@RadianSpace) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RadianSpace\/status\/1775146168454201768?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 2, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Radian One would achieve a light weight structure via carbon-composites:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Sneak peak of our prototype composite tank under construction! Stay tuned&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/cioSJT8gDb\">pic.twitter.com\/cioSJT8gDb<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Radian Aerospace (@RadianSpace) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RadianSpace\/status\/1773379529634902466?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 28, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>The company aims to fly by 2030 and provide transportation services to the commercial space stations that are expecting to be operating by then. The company <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geekwire.com\/2022\/radian-aerospace-comes-out-of-stealth-and-raises-27-5m-for-orbital-space-plane-development\/\">raised $27M in 2022<\/a> and is currently pursuing a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geekwire.com\/2024\/radian-aerospace-update-space-plane-design\/\">new funding round<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an interview with Livingston Holder, Radian&#8217;s CTO and a cofounder (posted Apr.30.2024):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The first single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) space plane? That&#8217;s exactly what we&#8217;re discussing on this week\u2019s Pathfinder podcast. We interview Livingston Holder, cofounder and CTO of Radian Aerospace, which is developing a fully reusable space plane designed for horizontal launch and landing.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>SSTO? Essentially, SSTO vehicles are designed to reach orbit using a single stage without discarding any hardware.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>We explore Livingston\u2019s background as a former USAF astronaut as well as the Seattle-based startup\u2019s roadmap to build the world\u2019s first SSTO space transport vehicle. In addition, we cover:<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u2013 Radian\u2019s technology advantage<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2013 Cultural and operational shifts in space missions<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2013 Market positioning of SSTO<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2013 Future applications and impact on space ops<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>And much more\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hxPGhOx3sOc?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>More on Radian:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geekwire.com\/2024\/radian-aerospace-update-space-plane-design\/\">Radian updates space plane design and hints at coming attractions | Geekwire &#8211; Apr.2.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/radian-aerospace-emerges-from-stealth-announces-seed-funding-led-by-fine-structure-ventures-301463373.html\">Radian Aerospace Emerges from Stealth, Announces Seed Funding led by Fine Structure Ventures | Radian Aerospace &#8211; Jan.19.2022<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>=== <\/strong><strong>Reusable spacecraft<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Boeing Starliner crew vehicle<\/strong> is scheduled to launch no earlier than May 10th on a ULA Vulcan rocket for its first crewed mission to the ISS. The original target launch date was May 6th but it was aborted due to a valve problem on the Vulcan upper stage.<\/p>\n<p>This is a demonstration mission and so has two astronauts (Barry &#8220;Butch&#8221; Wilmore and Suni Williams) on board. The operational missions will carry four. After leaving the ISS, the reusable spacecraft will return for a touch down on dry land via parachutes and airbag cushioning.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boeing.com\/space\/starliner#overview\">CST-100 Starliner &#8211; Boeing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/05\/the-surprise-is-not-that-boeing-lost-commercial-crew-but-that-it-finished-at-all\/\">The surprise is not that Boeing lost commercial crew but that it finished at all | Ars Technica &#8211; May.6.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2024\/05\/starliner-cft-launch\/\">Boeing&#8217;s Starliner set to launch first crew flight | NASASpaceFlight.com &#8211; May.6.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/spacestation\/2024\/04\/26\/nasa-astronauts-complete-key-rehearsal-before-boeing-crew-flight-test\/\">NASA Astronauts Complete Key Rehearsal Before Boeing Crew Flight Test | Space Station\/NASA &#8211; Apr.26.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/commercialcrew\/2024\/04\/16\/nasas-boeing-crew-flight-test-begins-stacking-operations\/\">NASA\u2019s Boeing Crew Flight Test Begins Stacking Operations | Commercial Crew Program\/NASA &#8211; Apr.16.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/commercialcrew\/2024\/04\/15\/nasa-boeing-prep-starliner-to-join-rocket-ahead-of-crew-flight-test\/\">NASA, Boeing Prep Starliner to Join Rocket Ahead of Crew Flight Test | Commercial Crew Program\/NASA &#8211; Apr.15.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/commercialcrew\/2024\/04\/02\/nasa-boeing-update-launch-date-for-starliners-first-astronaut-flight\/\">NASA, Boeing Update Launch Date for Starliner\u2019s First Astronaut Flight | Commercial Crew Program\/NASA &#8211; Apr.2.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#8212; Watch Boeing Starliner fly to space in ascent profile animation<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/VideoFromSpace\/videos\">VideoFromSpace<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>This animation shows Boeing Starliner launching to space on board a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket. Starliner is one of two spacecraft built to carry astronauts to and from the International Space Station.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Hl5Z6bDgq_8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212; NASA\u2019s Boeing Crew Flight Test Readiness Review (April 25, 2024)<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/NASAgovVideo\/videos\">NASA Video<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>NASA and Boeing leadership will discuss the flight test readiness review for the first crewed launch of the company\u2019s Starliner spacecraft to the International Space Station. NASA\u2019s Boeing Crew Flight Test will carry NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams to and from the microgravity laboratory on an end-to-end test of the Starliner system.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Participants:<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2022 Jim Free, NASA associate administrator<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2022 Ken Bowersox, associate administrator, NASA\u2019s Space Operations Mission Directorate<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2022 Steve Stich, manager, NASA\u2019s Commercial Crew Program<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2022 Dana Weigel, manager, NASA\u2019s International Space Station Program<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u2022 Mark Nappi, vice president and program manager, Boeing Commercial Crew Program<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA\u2019s Boeing Crew Flight Test Readiness Review (April 25, 2024)\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ETb5J-iqOyM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>** ULA considering multi-mission scenarios for Vulcan upper stage<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulalaunch.com\/\">ULA<\/a> is looking at using the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centaur_(rocket_stage)#Centaur_V\">Centaur V<\/a> upper stage on its new <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulalaunch.com\/rockets\/vulcan-centaur\">Vulcan rocket<\/a> for long duration in-orbit missions: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defenseone.com\/business\/2024\/04\/ula-has-ambitious-plan-reuse-vulcan-rocket-keep-it-space\/395858\/\">ULA has an ambitious plan to \u2018reuse\u2019 Vulcan rocket: keep it in space | Defense One &#8211; Apr.18.2024<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Faced with competitors building their own reusable heavy-lift rocket, United Launch Alliance is devising plans to keep the upper stage of its Vulcan Centaur rockets in space, where they might tug satellites or counter Chinese threats.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>These upper stages could be loaded with more propellant than needed for their initial launch duties, allowing them to stay in orbit and handle other tasks for weeks or months, ULA CEO Tory Bruno told Defense One on the sidelines of the Space Symposium conference.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cI can go off and serve a spacecraft and move spacecraft and get in between Chinese anti-satellite weapons on orbit and things we&#8217;re trying to protect. I can do all kinds of missions that are with a reusable upper stage,\u201d Bruno said.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A project at ULA designed a version of the Centaur that could remain in space for long periods and provide space tug, satellite refueling, and other in-orbit service. Called the\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Cryogenic_Evolved_Stage\">Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage<\/a> (ACES), <em>the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Cryogenic_Evolved_Stage#Integrated_Vehicle_Fluids\"><em>Integrated Vehicle Fluids<\/em><\/a> system would use the liquid Hydrogen\/Oxygen propellants not only for propulsion but also to fuel internal combustion engines that would drive electric generators in place of batteries. The boil off gases from the two cryogenic-propellants would also be used for attitude thrusters and to self-pressurize the propellant tanks (see <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autogenous_pressurization\">autogenous pressurization<\/a>), eliminating the need for hydrazine fuel and helium, resp.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, neither ULA&#8217;s owners (Boeing and Lockheed-Martin) nor the military decided to fund the project beyond the study phase. The Centaur V does have some of the features of ACES such as a larger diameter but not the IVF systems.<\/p>\n<p>More about Vulcan reusability concepts: <a href=\"https:\/\/spaceflightnow.com\/2015\/04\/14\/ula-chief-explains-reusability-and-innovation-of-new-rocket\/\">ULA chief explains reusability and innovation of new rocket | Spaceflight Now &#8211; Apr.14.2015<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sierraspace.com\">Sierra Space&#8217;<\/a>s Dream Chaser crew vehicle debut flight slips till at least September<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defenseone.com\/business\/2024\/04\/ula-has-ambitious-plan-reuse-vulcan-rocket-keep-it-space\/395858\/\">above article<\/a>, the ULA Vulcan rocket<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>which had its maiden flight in January, likely won\u2019t fly again until the fall, in part due to delays with the payload: Sierra Space\u2019s Dream Chaser vehicle.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>&#8230; <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>ULA needs this second certification flight before it can start flying missions for the Space Force. Company officials previously said they plan to fly four national security missions this year, but \u201cwith Sierra Space on the Cert-2 mission now moving to no earlier than September, we have three Vulcan NSSL missions planned for the remainder of the year but will fly when our customers are ready,\u201d the company said in a statement.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.impulsespace.com\/\">Impulse Space Propulsion<\/a>: To LEO, GEO, and Beyond: A Conversation With Tom Mueller<\/strong> &#8211; <a class=\"yt-simple-endpoint style-scope yt-formatted-string\" spellcheck=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@SatelliteToday\">Via Satellite Magazine on Youtube<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>We have a special On Orbit episode from SATELLITE 2024 this week, a fireside chat with Impulse Space CEO Tom Mueller. Mueller is considered one of the world\u2019s leading spacecraft propulsion experts. As one of SpaceX\u2018s founding members, he led the development of propulsion systems for the Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy, and Starship Launch Vehicles, as well as the Dragon line of spacecraft. His work was crucial in the development of reusable rocket technology.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Mueller spoke with Via Satellite editor-in-chief Mark Holmes during SATELLITE about his new company Impulse Space, an in-space transportation company working to deliver payloads to LEO, GEO, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Mueller describes his vision for Impulse Space to provide the transportation for the space economy of the future with Mira and the recently announced Helios kick stage.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tmjcFJyZnBk?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.portalsystems.space\/\">Portal Space Systems<\/a> developing in-space vehicles powered by solar thermal propulsion<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portalsystems.space\/press-release\">Portal Space emerged<\/a> from stealth mode on April 30th and revealed the design of their Supernova satellite bus, which<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>&#8230; is engineered from the ground up for maneuverability and features a novel solar-thermal propulsion system. With a payload-agnostic design and 500 kg mass, Supernova boasts a remarkable 6 km\/s delta-v, setting a new standard for in-space mobility with 50 times the range of existing products on the market.\u202f<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>That means that the system can perform currently impossible mission needs, like moving from Low Earth Orbit to geostationary orbit in hours or even the moon in just days.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cThe space industry hasn\u2019t fundamentally improved satellite bus technology in decades. Our nation is developing 6th-generation fighter aircraft technology but still uses 1st-generation satellite buses. Portal&#8217;s Supernova is designed around the customer need for unparalleled mobility and extended mission life,&#8221; said Jeff Thornburg, CEO of Portal Space Systems and former architect of SpaceX&#8217;s Raptor Engine. &#8220;Our novel solar-thermal propulsion system and bus design, combined with our compatibility to support any customer payload, sets us apart. We provide an over 50x improvement in current spacecraft mobility. For our customers, that means the ability to have spacecraft on orbit that are able to respond in real-time to events in any orbital regime.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>More about Portal Space:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/04\/new-space-company-seeks-to-solve-orbital-mobility-with-high-delta-v-spacecraft\/\">New space company seeks to solve orbital mobility with high delta-v spacecraft | Ars Technica &#8211; Apr.30.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geekwire.com\/2024\/portal-space-systems-solar-thermal-satellites\/\">Portal Space Systems reveals its solar thermal propulsion plan | Geekwire &#8211; Apr.30.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/portal-space-systems-unveils-plans-for-highly-maneuverable-spacecraft\/\">Portal Space Systems unveils plans for highly maneuverable spacecraft | SpaceNews &#8211; Apr.30.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/payloadspace.com\/introducing-portal-space-systems\/\">Introducing Portal Space Systems | Payload &#8211; Apr.30.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>=== Europe<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pldspace.com\/en\/\">PLD Space<\/a><\/strong> <em>&#8211; Additional funding raised<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>New funding for PLD lifts total investment to 120 Million euros. The latest funding will go primarily to expanding facilities needed to support development and operations of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pldspace.com\/en\/miura-5\">Miura 5<\/a> small launcher. The vehicle&#8217;s first stage booster will be recovered via parachute return into the ocean.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/spacewatch.global\/2024\/04\/pld-space-announces-expansion-plans-amid-funding-support\/?utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=pld-space-announces-expansion-plans-amid-funding-support\">PLD Space Announces Expansion Plans Amid Funding Support | SpaceWatch.Global &#8211; Apr.25.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pldspace.com\/en\/news\/corporate\/pld-space-has-achieved-120-million-euros-in-funding-to-date\">PLD Space has achieved 120 million euros in funding to date |\u00a0 PLD Space &#8211; Apr.23.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/pld-space-raises-funding-to-expand-facilities-for-miura-5-rocket\/\">PLD Space raises funding to expand facilities for Miura 5 rocket | SpaceNews &#8211; Apr.23.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>=== China<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.landspace.com\/en\/index.html\">LandSpace <\/a><\/strong>&#8211; <em>Vertical takeoff and landing test flight to 10 km planned for June<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">LANDSPACE also mentions the hopper will land on a newly built pad ~5km from the mission control center, which can be seen on the Sentinel-2 satellite images. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/82NmfTKLMq\">https:\/\/t.co\/82NmfTKLMq<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/xPflTtT3cn\">pic.twitter.com\/xPflTtT3cn<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 China &#8216;N Asia Spaceflight \ufe0f (@CNSpaceflight) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CNSpaceflight\/status\/1780572569479028842?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 17, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** 130-ton reusable engine by CNSA completes 15 tests, paving way for reusable carrier rockets<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@cnsawatcher-archives8556\">CNSA Watcher &#8211; Archives<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Exciting breakthrough! The 130-ton reusable liquid oxygen kerosene engine independently developed by the Sixth Academy of Aerospace Technology Group has completed 15 repeated tests, laying the foundation for the maiden flight of reusable carrier rockets. (Source: Sixth Academy of Aerospace Technology Group)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/m.weibo.cn\/status\/O9EhOEuuR\">https:\/\/m.weibo.cn\/status\/O9EhOEuuR<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarddavid.com\/china-tackles-reusable-rocket-engine-challenges\/\">China Tackles Reusable Rocket Engine Challenges | Leonard David &#8211; Apr.14.2024<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xuwwU4E0WFA?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>** China to use adjustable &#8216;net&#8217; to catch reusable rockets &#8211; See an animation<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/VideoFromSpace\/videos\">VideoFromSpace<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>[China&#8217;s primary government space organization, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC),] is developing reusable rockets to launch in 2025 and 2026. See the &#8216;net&#8217; technology they will use to catch the booster when it returns to Earth in this animation.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>More at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/china-catch-reusable-rockets-wires-video\">China plans to catch its reusable rockets with constricting wires | Space.com &#8211; Apr.3.2024<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/27TvGDpPLNw?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Other Chinese reusable rocket developers<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/english.spacechina.com\/\">CASC<\/a> (<span class=\"expandableItem\">China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp)<\/span> &#8211; China&#8217;s primary space agency<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cas-space.com\/\">CAS Space<\/a> &#8211; Site appears inactive so check <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CAS_Space\">Wikipedia page<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dbaspace.com\">Deep Blue Aerospace<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.galactic-energy.cn\/\">Galactic Energy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.i-space.com.cn\/\">iSpace<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.landspace.com\/en\/index.html\">LandSpace <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/linkspace.com.cn\/\">LinkSpace<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.onespacechina.com\/onespace\">Onespace<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacepioneer.cc\/\">Space Pioneer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>See also the <a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/chinese-launch-startup-orienspace-secures-83-5-million\/\">table at SpaceNews<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>=== Reusable suborbital rocket vehicles for tourism, science &amp; technology<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/new-shepard\">Blue Origin New Shepard<\/a><\/strong> &#8211; <em>First crew mission since resumption of flights after 2022 booster failure<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;- The date of the next New Shepard flight has not yet been revealed but the crew was announced in early April: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/news\/new-shepard-ns-25-mission-announcement\">New Shepard\u2019s 25th Mission Includes America\u2019s First Black Astronaut Candidate | Blue Origin &#8211; Apr.3.2024<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The six spaceflight participants include Ed Dwight, who was a candidate for the NASA astronaut corp in the early 1960s. If selected he would have been the first African American astronaut.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;- This would be the second flight since the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blueorigin.com\/news\/ns-23-mission-updates\">booster failure<\/a> on Sept. 12.2022 and the first with passengers on board.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;- The private organization <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sera.space\/\">SERA<\/a> (Space Exploration &amp; Research Agency) has reserved six seats on a future New Shepard flight:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sera.space\/pressrelease\">SERA Partners with Blue Origin for Historic Space Mission | SERA &#8211; Apr.24.2024<\/a><\/p>\n<p>SERA aims to make spaceflight available to as wide an array of people around the world as possible.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cDespite the trillions spent by governments, there have usually been only a handful of people in space at any given time over the last three decades,\u201d says Sam Hutchison, Co-Founder of SERA. \u201cThe unimaginably rich material and energy resources of the solar system remain entirely untapped. With launch costs coming down this is all about to change, and SERA wants to make sure that everyone on Earth has the chance to participate in the growth of the offworld economy.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Excited to team with SERA, the Space Exploration &amp; Research Agency, to support such an inspiring initiative that makes space more accessible to so many countries! We\u2019re looking forward to flying these future astronauts on <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/NewShepard?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#NewShepard<\/a> and hearing their perspectives about the\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/R3XEtVkRow\">https:\/\/t.co\/R3XEtVkRow<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Blue Origin (@blueorigin) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/blueorigin\/status\/1782526783616643225?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 22, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Blue Origin\u2019s Launch Site One<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/blueoriginchannel\/videos\" target=\"_d\" rel=\"noopener\">Blue Origin Youtube<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Take a tour of Launch Site One, nestled in the Guadalupe Mountains in West Texas, where astronauts fly to space and back onboard New Shepard.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/itKDY_O0khg?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>** <a href=\"https:\/\/www.virgingalactic.com\/spacecraft-fleet\">Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo<\/a><\/strong> &#8211;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212;- Final flight of 1st-gen VSS Unity vehicle<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>VG announced that the flight window for the <em>\u2018Galactic 07<\/em>\u2019 commercial mission will open Saturday, June 8, 2024. This will be the Company\u2019s second spaceflight for 2024. Commercial flights began with <em><a href=\"https:\/\/press.virgingalactic.com\/galactic-01-photos-and-videos\">Galactic 01<\/a><\/em> on May 25, 2023.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SpaceShipTwo#VSS_Unity\">VSS Unity<\/a> has flown <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virgin_Galactic#VSS_Unity_flights\">12 flights<\/a> to suborbital space in total since December 2018. Galactic 07 will be the final flight for VSS Unity and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SpaceShipTwo\">first-gen vehicle design<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/press.virgingalactic.com\/galactic-07-mission-launch-window-opens-june-8\">\u2018Galactic 07\u2019 Mission Launch Window Opens June 8 | Virgin Galactic &#8211; May.6.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/press.virgingalactic.com\/virgin-galactic-announces-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2023-financial\">Virgin Galactic Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Financial Results and Provides Business Update | Virgin Galactic &#8211; May.6.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>&#8212;- Delta class vehicle development<\/strong><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Virgin Galactic&#8217;s top priority goal is operational status for the Delta class version of the SpaceShipTwo vehicles by 2026. The Delta spaceships will be capable of eight space missions per month with up to six passengers per flight. Such can make VG&#8217;s suborbital flight business profitable. Flight tests should begin in 2025. The <a href=\"https:\/\/press.virgingalactic.com\/virgin-galactic-announces-fourth-quarter-and-full-year-2023-financial\">company says<\/a> it has &#8220;<em>cash equivalents and marketable securities of $982 million as of December 31, 2023<\/em>&#8220;, which they believe is sufficient to sustain VG through the inauguration of Delta class operations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>** Opening of new ground test facility<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/press.virgingalactic.com\/virgin-galactic-begins-operations-at-delta-spaceship-ground-testing-facility\">Virgin Galactic Begins Operations at Delta Spaceship Ground Testing Facility | Virgin Galactic &#8211; May.6.2024<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>[Virgin Galactic] announced that it has opened a new system integration facility in Southern California for the Company\u2019s Delta Class spaceships. This ground-based test facility, which houses a testing platform known as an \u201cIron Bird,\u201d has begun tests of initial subsystems and will add components over the course of the year to increase its scope and effectiveness.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Using an Iron Bird test rig is common practice in aerospace development programs and allows Virgin Galactic to test and verify the operation of dozens of Delta subsystems \u2013 including avionics, feather actuation, pneumatics and hydraulics. This strategic investment is an important building block to ensure efficient production and safe operations of the Delta Class spaceships, allowing the team to validate the functionality of components early in the development process.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The Iron Bird is just one ground testing method used in the development of the Delta spaceship. A static test article will stress major structural components to verify structural integrity data and determine the design and ultimate limit loads of the structure, which will both optimize the flight test program and support our overall turn time objectives.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Final assembly of the Delta ships will take place at Virgin Galactic\u2019s new Delta facility in Phoenix, Arizona.<\/p>\n<p>VG is posting occasional reports on Youtube about the development of the Delta vehicles. Here are three posted so far:<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212;- #DeltaDiaries: Hybrid Rocket System<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@VirginGalactic\">Virgin Galactic<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The Delta class spaceships will be powered by our record-breaking hybrid rocket system. In this installment of #DeltaDiaries, Byron Henning, Vice President, Rocket Systems gives insights into the next generation system for Delta.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t1GRBATp4qI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212; #DeltaDiaries: What is a Digital Thread?<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@VirginGalactic\">Virgin Galactic<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>What is a digital thread? A digital thread allows us to track the full lifecycle and performance of every vehicle part, from design to manufacturing, to quality control, to spaceflight operations. It tracks and displays everything we need to know about our Delta spaceships. Gabe Williams, Sr. Chief Engineer, Spaceships tells us more on #DeltaDiaries.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/k9kejtgVM68?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8212; Delta Diaries: Simulator Spotlight<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@VirginGalactic\">Virgin Galactic<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The simulator, essential for pilot training, also plays a pivotal role in designing our new Delta fleet. It&#8217;s used by various engineering disciplines to ensure systems are spaceflight-ready. Join us in #DeltaDiaries as Virgin Galactic Pilot Jameel Janjua discusses its importance in developing our Delta Class spaceships.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/v_ClROpHHGU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>** <strong>The disappointing pace of commercial suborbital human spaceflight<\/strong> since the X PRIZE winning flights of SpaceShipOne in 2004: <a href=\"https:\/\/douglasmmessier.substack.com\/p\/blue-origin-gears-up-for-next-new\">Blue Origin Gears Up for Next New Shepard Flight as Anniversaries Loom | Doug Messier &#8211; Mar.30.2024<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Doug makes many good points but I always feel compelled to respond to such critiques of the field. In the early 2000s, I and many others in the New Space community were enthusiastic promoters of suborbital human spaceflight. The expectation was that reusable suborbital vehicles for space tourism would provide the key first step to eventual development of commercial reusable orbital space transportation. Suborbital transports would provide key technical knowledge about how to build and operate rocket powered vehicles with the fast turnaround times and robustness of aircraft. Perhaps most importantly, the profits from this market would fund the development of the more challenging orbital transports.<\/p>\n<p>However, things did not work out this way. SpaceX proved that with enough capital and will power, a company could go directly to orbit without an intermediate suborbital phase. (Will note that even SpaceX practiced landing with the low altitude Grasshopper vehicle.)<\/p>\n<p>There were several companies that took on the challenge of suborbital spaceflight. I think an appropriate metaphor for the creation of a new technological market like this one is that of a group of people attempting to run across a wide field filled with booby traps, land mines, poisonous snakes, Komodo dragons, and other nasties. Most will fall victim to a fatal hazard but usually a couple make it across to the treasures awaiting them. However, there&#8217;s a finite chance that they all are victimized. The field of suborbital spaceflight certainly left all the entrants inactive or damaged to some degree:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blue Origin came closest to expectations in the way the company learned a great deal from New Shepard about reusable rocket engines and flying, landing and reusing a rocket vehicle. Blue has always been secretive but it&#8217;s known that they lost at least a couple of test vehicles. It&#8217;s clear also that early on they made suborbital a sideline activity of lower priority to the New Glenn orbital program.<\/li>\n<li>Virgin Galactic made bad design choices with the selection of hybrid propulsion, which they struggled to scale up from the SpaceShipOne system. The air-launched winged vehicle configuration did not lead to a viable orbital system. In retrospect, it was certainly unusual that such a project remained funded for nearly 20 years between its founding and the first revenue from commercial flights. The two accidents that Doug mentions were certainly disasters but difficult to argue they were due to a rush to launch.<\/li>\n<li>XCOR and several other startups came up with designs that were probably technically viable but they never raised sufficient capital or made enough money from initiatives like rocket racing to sustain development of their vehicles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All this being said, I remain convinced that suborbital flight services for adventurous private individuals, i.e. space tourism, and for science experiments and technology tests will gradually become a sustainable industry. Space tourist suborbital flights remain infrequent and very expensive but\u00a0 prices are set by supply and demand. The fact that Blue and VG easily find customers for their infrequent flights even at extravagant ticket prices indicates that demand is there. If the flight rate eventually rises, then ticket prices will fall accordingly. Orbital flight tickets will also fall in price but suborbital looks always to be substantially cheaper. And some people will prefer a brief adventure to a multi-day stay in orbit.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, I&#8217;ll note that luck plays a big role in successfully traversing a dangerous field even for those extremely agile in avoiding pitfalls. For example, Elon Musk often talks about the situation at the end of 2008 when he was out of money and sleeping on the couches of friends. With a deep recession underway, finding new private investors was unlikely. Fortunately, the success of the fourth Falcon 1 launch, which came after three failures, gave SpaceX just enough credibility to win the NASA contract for commercial ISS cargo services. As recounted in Eric Berger&#8217;s book, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4dwVQcL\">Liftoff<\/a> <\/em>[commission link], that fourth flight very nearly didn&#8217;t happen. If it had not, then SpaceX probably would not have survived 2008 and Elon would be portrayed as just another amateur space mogul like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beal-aerospace.com\/\">Andrew Beal<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.satmagazine.com\/story.php?number=1750576525\">Walter Kistler<\/a> who promised affordable space transportation but fell far short. Rockets with reusable boosters that land vertically 20 times or more (see above) would remain dismissed by most aerospace pundits as fantasies. Fortunately, SpaceX did survive and we can hope they and others successfully traverse the hazardous passage to fully reusable, low-cost space transports.<\/p>\n<p><strong>** Astrobotic contracted by USAF<\/strong> to use the company&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/masten.aero\/\">suborbital rockets<\/a> to test rocket engine technologies: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astrobotic.com\/afrl_crada\/\">Astrobotic and U.S Air Force Announce Rocket Research and Development Collaboration | Astrobotic &#8211; Apr.3.2024<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Astrobotic and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Rocket Propulsion Division at Edwards Air Force Base have entered into a Cooperative Research &amp; Development Agreement (CRADA) to enhance both organizations\u2019 capabilities and collaborate in the development of advanced liquid rocket engine, rotating detonation rocket engine (RDRE) technologies, and on-base rocket flight testing capabilities using Astrobotic reusable rockets.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cThis agreement between Astrobotic and AFRL will enable joint work on new rocket engine technologies, including their applications to in-space propulsion, along with their early flight demonstrations. For Astrobotic, working with AFRL, this rocket-engine flight testbed will demonstrate future capabilities in rocket propulsion such as RDREs and novel additively manufactured materials for high-temperature, high-pressure, chemically-reacting gas environments,\u201d said Dr. Javier Urzay, Chief of the Combustion Devices Branch at AFRL, \u201cThese technologies are still at a relatively early development stage but have potential game-changing impacts for liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems relevant for Air and Space Force\u2019s missions.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The collaboration will help Astrobotic design, develop, test, and demonstrate emerging commercial capabilities with critical applications to air and space military operations, including tactically responsive space access, hypersonic propulsion and testing, and tactical point-to-point rocket transport of cargo. Under the CRADA, AFRL and Astrobotic plan to use Astrobotic\u2019s Xodiac and Xogdor-class <a href=\"https:\/\/masten.aero\/\">vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing (VTVL) rockets<\/a> to flight test new liquid rocket engines, integrated systems, payloads, and concepts of operation to mature these types of capabilities.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26679\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26679\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astrobotic.com\/afrl_crada\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"26679\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=26679\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AstroboticUSAF_test_rocket_rendering-1000x878-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,878\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Astrobotic Xogdor\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A rendering of the Xogdor rocket in development at Astrobotic. Credits: Astrobotic&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AstroboticUSAF_test_rocket_rendering-1000x878-1.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26679\" src=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AstroboticUSAF_test_rocket_rendering-1000x878-1-500x439.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AstroboticUSAF_test_rocket_rendering-1000x878-1-500x439.jpg 500w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AstroboticUSAF_test_rocket_rendering-1000x878-1-768x674.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AstroboticUSAF_test_rocket_rendering-1000x878-1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26679\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rendering of the <a href=\"https:\/\/masten.aero\/\">Xogdor<\/a> rocket in development at Astrobotic. Credits: Astrobotic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>=== Other reusable rocket and space vehicle related news, articles, etc:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Was great to spend some time at NASA\u2019s Stennis Space Center with <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/launcher?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@launcher<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/vast?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@vast<\/a>) team yesterday as they tested the fully-integrated E-2 engine for a two-minute burn \u2014 blue flame achieved with kerosene! <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/WfzPLx9TP4\">pic.twitter.com\/WfzPLx9TP4<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 John Kraus (@johnkrausphotos) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/johnkrausphotos\/status\/1776250718954889584?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 5, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/spacestation\/2024\/04\/30\/dragon-spacecraft-splashes-down-completing-resupply-mission\/\">Dragon Spacecraft Splashes Down Completing Resupply Mission | Space Station\/NASA &#8211; Apr.30.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/saltzman-space-force-still-grappling-with-refueling-math\/\">Saltzman: Space Force still grappling with refueling math | SpaceNews &#8211; Apr.30.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/payloadspace.com\/exclusive-phase-four-secures-a-14-9m-darpa-contract-for-an-air-breathing-vleo-system\/\">Exclusive: Phase Four Secures a $14.9M DARPA Contract for an Air-Breathing VLEO System | Payload &#8211; Apr.4.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/exrocketman.blogspot.com\/2024\/04\/bounding-calculations-for-ssto-concepts.html\">An Ex Rocket Man&#8217;s Take On It: Bounding Calculations for SSTO Concepts | ExRocketMan &#8211; Apr.2.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2024\/04\/resolving-artemis-ii-issues\/\">NASA, Lockheed Martin working to resolve Artemis II Orion issues, deliver spacecraft around summer&#8217;s end | NASASpaceFlight.com &#8211; Apr.2.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/lockheed-martin-ventures-invests-in-helicity-space\/\">Lockheed Martin Ventures invests in Helicity Space | SpaceNews &#8211; Apr.2.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/03\/rocket-report-one-day-delay-for-the-final-delta-launch-orbex-patents-landing-tech\/\">Rocket Report: Will Northrop\u2019s rocket be reusable? Fourth Starship gets fired twice | Ars Technica &#8211; Mar.29.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/senate-bills-seek-to-reform-commercial-space-regulations\/\">Senate bills seek to reform commercial space regulations | SpaceNews &#8211; Mar.29.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Orion crew space craft:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarddavid.com\/orion-heat-shield-issues-blistering-report\/\">Orion Heat Shield Issues: Blistering Report | Leonard David &#8211; May.3.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/05\/nasa-seems-unhappy-to-be-questioned-about-its-artemis-ii-readiness\/\">NASA says Artemis II report by its inspector general is unhelpful and redundant | Ars Technica &#8211; May.2.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/nasa-artemis-1-orion-heat-shield-office-inspector-general\">NASA inspector general finds Orion heat shield issues &#8216;pose significant risks&#8217; to Artemis 2 crew safety | Space.com &#8211; May.1.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oig.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ig-24-011.pdf\">NASA\u2019s Readiness for the Artemis II Crewed Mission to Lunar Orbit | NASA OIG &#8211; May.1.2024 (pdf)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Russia:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/04\/russian-space-chief-says-new-rocket-will-put-falcon-9-reuse-to-shame\/\">Russian space chief says new rocket will put Falcon 9 reuse to shame | Ars Technica &#8211; Apr.16.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/space\/2024\/04\/russia-has-a-plan-to-restore-its-dominant-position-in-the-global-launch-market\/\">Russia has a plan to \u201crestore\u201d its dominant position in the global launch market | Ars Technica &#8211; Apr.2.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Propulsion\n<ul>\n<li>Pulsed Plasma Rocket:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/stmd\/niac\/niac-studies\/pulsed-plasma-rocket-ppr-shielded-fast-transits-for-humans-to-mars\/\">Pulsed Plasma Rocket (PPR): Shielded, Fast Transits for Humans to Mars | NASA &#8211; May.1.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/stmd\/nasa-doubles-down-advances-six-innovative-tech-concepts-to-new-phase\/\">NASA Doubles Down, Advances Six Innovative Tech Concepts to New Phase | NASA &#8211; May.2.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/166395\/thermal-modeling-of-a-pulsed-plasma-rocket-shows-it-should-be-possible-to-create-one\/\">Thermal Modeling of a Pulsed Plasma Rocket Shows It Should Be Possible To Create One | Universe Today &#8211; Mar.29.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0094576522001187?fr=RR-2&amp;ref=pdf_download&amp;rr=86c228b08ad50823\">Pulsed plasma rocket- developing a dynamic fission process for high specific impulse and high thrust propulsion | ScienceDirect\/Acta Astronautica, Volume 197, August 2022, Pages 399-407<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.popularmechanics.com\/space\/rockets\/a60654632\/next-generation-ion-thruster-nasa\/?taid=66350a13353a6f00014f3341\">A Remarkable New Thruster Could Achieve Escape Velocity\u2014and Interplanetary Travel | Popular Mechanics &#8211; May.3.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/166747\/next-generation-ion-engines-will-be-extremely-powerful\/\">Next Generation Ion Engines Will Be Extremely Powerful | Universe Today &#8211; Apr.26.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Regulation:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/why-the-white-house-and-congress-cant-see-eye-to-eye-on-regulating-commercial-space\/\">Why the White House and Congress can\u2019t see eye-to-eye on regulating commercial space | SpaceNews &#8211; Apr.14.2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>===<\/em><strong><em> Amazon Ads <\/em><\/strong><em>===<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3CCZVen\">When the Heavens Went on Sale:<br \/>\nThe Misfits and Geniuses Racing to Put Space Within Reach<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe style=\"width: 120px; height: 240px;\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ss&amp;ref=as_ss_li_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace&amp;language=en_US&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=0062998870&amp;asins=0062998870&amp;linkId=0cb8eac98dd03fb5e8e406ea27cdcb8f&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-popups allow-scripts allow-modals allow-forms allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">===<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3UwbXyy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reentry: SpaceX, Elon Musk, and<br \/>\nthe Reusable Rockets that Launched a Second Space Age<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3UwbXyy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/51qDV5YGBKL.jpg\" alt=\"Reentry: SpaceX, Elon Musk, and the Reusable Rockets that Launched a Second Space Age\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/> <\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>===<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3TYEnPw\">Space Race 2.0:<br \/>\n<em>SpaceX, Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, NASA, <\/em><br \/>\n<em>and the Privatization of the Final Frontier<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe style=\"width: 120px; height: 240px;\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ss&amp;ref=as_ss_li_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace&amp;language=en_US&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=0760375542&amp;asins=0760375542&amp;linkId=dc449a7799c83a4e1be2c6bddf48eea4&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-popups allow-scripts allow-modals allow-forms allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Below is a collection of news and updates on reusable rocket powered vehicles in operation and in development. See also these previous roundups: Mar.27.2024 Feb.26.2024 Nov.17.2023 Such technology should eventually lead to space transports with aircraft-like operation. That is, orbital flight and return followed by rapid reflight with minimal preparation. Vehicles should fly thousands of &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=26651\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Roundup: Reusable rocket vehicles &#8211; May.8.2024<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5,106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rockets","category-space-transport-roundup"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-6VR","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":26402,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=26402","url_meta":{"origin":26651,"position":0},"title":"Roundup: Reusable rocket vehicles &#8211; February.2024","author":"TopSpacer","date":"February 26, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Find here the latest news and updates on reusable rocket powered vehicles in operation and in development. (See also the previous Roundup from November 2023.) Such technology should eventually lead to space transports with aircraft-like operation. That is, orbital flight and return followed by rapid reflight with minimal preparation. Vehicles\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Rockets&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Rockets","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/imageedit_2_6672312437-791x10241-1-386x500.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":26534,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=26534","url_meta":{"origin":26651,"position":1},"title":"Roundup: Reusable Rocket Vehicles &#8211; March.2024","author":"TopSpacer","date":"March 27, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"I've gathered here recent news and updates on reusable rocket powered vehicles in operation and in development. Check out previous roundups: Feb.26.2024 Nov.17.2023 Rocket reusability will lead to space transports with aircraft-like operation. That is, orbital flight and return followed by rapid reflight with minimal preparation. Vehicles should fly thousands\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Chinese space&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Chinese space","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=79"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/blue_ring_101623_1000x562-500x281.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":23707,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=23707","url_meta":{"origin":26651,"position":2},"title":"Space transport roundup &#8211; April.8.2021","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 8, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"A sampling of recent articles, videos, and images dealing with space transport (find previous roundups here): ** Apr.8: The Starship prototype SN15 moved to launch site. The vehicle has many upgrades according to Elon Musk. A test flight could happen within a week or two. I certainly hope it achieves\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Rockets&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Rockets","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/MapOfArcadiaPlanita-LandingSites-500x226.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":26206,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=26206","url_meta":{"origin":26651,"position":3},"title":"Roundup: Reusable rocket vehicles","author":"TopSpacer","date":"November 17, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Significant progress is being made towards space transportation systems that operate repeatedly rather than just fly once and then discarded. Reusable rocket powered vehicles will eventually lower the cost of access to space by orders of magnitude from expendables when the vehicles can fly\u00a0 hundreds of times with only brief\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Rockets&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Rockets","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/StarshipSN24-B7-TestFlight-Apr.20.2023_03-400x500.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":12446,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12446","url_meta":{"origin":26651,"position":4},"title":"Video: Blue Origin flies its New Shepard rocket to space and back","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 4, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Blue Origin, the space\u00a0company owned by Jeff Bezos of Amazon.com fame, flew their New Shepard reusable suborbital rocket vehicle for the third time last Saturday. The rocket takes off with the\u00a0rocket booster and crew capsule connected together but just above 100 km in altitude\u00a0the two separate. The crew capsule falls\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Rockets&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Rockets","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/YU3J-jKb75g\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":18009,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=18009","url_meta":{"origin":26651,"position":5},"title":"Space transport roundup &#8211; Feb.26.2019","author":"TopSpacer","date":"February 26, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"A sampling of recent items related to traveling to and through space: ** EXOS Aerospace sets March 2 for the second flight of the SARGE reusable suborbital rocket. The launch will take place at Spaceport America in New Mexico: Launch Announcement: 03\/02\/2019 | EXOS Aerospace Systems & Technologies, inc. \u201cWith\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Rockets&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Rockets","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"\/\/ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/ir?t=hobbyspace&l=am2&o=1&a=1610398297","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26651"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26776,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26651\/revisions\/26776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}