{"id":25418,"date":"2022-10-13T08:00:23","date_gmt":"2022-10-13T12:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=25418"},"modified":"2022-10-11T12:58:07","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T16:58:07","slug":"eso-vlt-detects-heaviest-element-ever-found-in-an-exoplanet-atmosphere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=25418","title":{"rendered":"ESO: VLT detects heaviest element ever found in an exoplanet atmosphere"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A new report from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/\">European Southern Observatory (ESO)<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso2213\/?lang\">Heaviest element yet detected in an exoplanet atmosphere<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25419\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25419\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso2213a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"25419\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=25419\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2213a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,433\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/M. Kornmesser&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This artist\\u2019s impression shows an ultra-hot exoplanet, a planet beyond our Solar System, as it is about to transit in front of its host star. When the light from the star passes through the planet\\u2019s atmosphere, it is filtered by the chemical elements and molecules in the gaseous layer. With sensitive instruments, the signatures of those elements and molecules can be observed from Earth. Using the ESPRESSO instrument of ESO\\u2019s Very Large Telescope, astronomers have found the heaviest element yet in an exoplanet&#039;s atmosphere, barium, in the two ultra-hot Jupiters WASP-76 b and WASP-121 b.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1665669600&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Artist\\u2019s impression of an ultra-hot Jupiter transiting its sta&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Artist\u2019s impression of an ultra-hot Jupiter transiting its sta\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This artist\u2019s impression shows an ultra-hot exoplanet, a planet beyond our Solar System, as it is about to transit in front of its host star. When the light from the star passes through the planet\u2019s atmosphere, it is filtered by the chemical elements and molecules in the gaseous layer. With sensitive instruments, the signatures of those elements and molecules can be observed from Earth. Using the ESPRESSO instrument of ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope, astronomers have found the heaviest element yet in an exoplanet&amp;#8217;s atmosphere, barium, in the two ultra-hot Jupiters WASP-76 b and WASP-121 b.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2213a1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-25419 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2213a1-500x309.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2213a1-500x309.jpg 500w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2213a1.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25419\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This artist\u2019s impression shows an ultra-hot exoplanet, a planet beyond our Solar System, as it is about to transit in front of its host star. When the light from the star passes through the planet\u2019s atmosphere, it is filtered by the chemical elements and molecules in the gaseous layer. With sensitive instruments, the signatures of those elements and molecules can be observed from Earth. Using the ESPRESSO instrument of ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope, astronomers have found the heaviest element yet in an exoplanet&#8217;s atmosphere, barium, in the two ultra-hot Jupiters WASP-76 b and WASP-121 b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Using the European Southern Observatory\u2019s Very Large Telescope (ESO\u2019s VLT), astronomers have discovered the heaviest element ever found in an exoplanet atmosphere \u2014 barium. They were surprised to discover barium at high altitudes in the atmospheres of the ultra-hot gas giants WASP-76 b and WASP-121 b \u2014 two exoplanets, planets which orbit stars outside our Solar System. This unexpected discovery raises questions about what these exotic atmospheres may be like.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cThe puzzling and counterintuitive part is: why is there such a heavy element in the upper layers of the atmosphere of these planets?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>says Tom\u00e1s Azevedo Silva, a PhD student at the University of Porto and the Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias do Espa\u00e7o (IA) in Portugal who led the study published today in Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2IUT_P1LU-Y?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>WASP-76 b and WASP-121 b are no ordinary exoplanets. Both are known as ultra-hot Jupiters as they are comparable in size to Jupiter whilst having extremely high surface temperatures soaring above 1000\u00b0C. This is due to their close proximity to their host stars, which also means an orbit around each star takes only one to two days. This gives these planets rather exotic features; in WASP-76 b, for example, astronomers suspect it rains iron.<\/p>\n<p>But even so, the scientists were surprised to find barium, which is 2.5 times heavier than iron, in the upper atmospheres of WASP-76 b and WASP-121 b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em> \u201cGiven the high gravity of the planets, we would expect heavy elements like barium to quickly fall into the lower layers of the atmosphere,\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>explains co-author Olivier Demangeon, a researcher also from the University of Porto and IA.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cThis was in a way an \u2018accidental\u2019 discovery,\u201d says Azevedo Silva. \u201cWe were not expecting or looking for barium in particular and had to cross-check that this was actually coming from the planet since it had never been seen in any exoplanet before.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The fact that barium was detected in the atmospheres of both of these ultra-hot Jupiters suggests that this category of planets might be even stranger than previously thought. Although we do occasionally see barium in our own skies, as the brilliant green colour in fireworks, the question for scientists is what natural process could cause this heavy element to be at such high altitudes in these exoplanets.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em> \u200b\u200b\u201cAt the moment, we are not sure what the mechanisms are,\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>explains Demangeon.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25420\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25420\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso2005a\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"25420\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=25420\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2005a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,350\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/M. Kornmesser&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This illustration shows a night-side view of the exoplanet WASP-76 b. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets. To the left of the image, we see the evening border of the exoplanet, where it transitions from day to night.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1583946000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Artist\\u2019s impression of the night side of WASP-76 b&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Artist\u2019s impression of the night side of WASP-76 b\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This illustration shows a night-side view of the exoplanet WASP-76 b. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets. To the left of the image, we see the evening border of the exoplanet, where it transitions from day to night.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2005a1.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25420\" src=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2005a1-500x250.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2005a1-500x250.jpg 500w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2005a1.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25420\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This illustration shows a night-side view of the exoplanet WASP-76 b. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets. To the left of the image, we see the evening border of the exoplanet, where it transitions from day to night.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the study of exoplanet atmospheres ultra-hot Jupiters are extremely useful. As Demangeon explains:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cBeing gaseous and hot, their atmospheres are very extended and are thus easier to observe and study than those of smaller or cooler planets\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Determining the composition of an exoplanet\u2019s atmosphere requires very specialised equipment. The team used the ESPRESSO instrument on ESO\u2019s VLT in Chile to analyse starlight that had been filtered through the atmospheres of WASP-76 b and WASP-121 b. This made it possible to clearly detect several elements in them, including barium.<\/p>\n<p>These new results show that we have only scratched the surface of the mysteries of exoplanets. With future instruments such as the high-resolution ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph (ANDES), which will operate on ESO\u2019s upcoming Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), astronomers will be able to study the atmospheres of exoplanets large and small, including those of rocky planets similar to Earth, in much greater depth and to gather more clues as to the nature of these strange worlds.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BAN-l2rkOHE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/archives\/releases\/sciencepapers\/eso2213\/eso2213a.pdf\">Research paper<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/archive\/category\/paranal\/\">Photos of the VLT<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elt.eso.org\">Find out more about ESO&#8217;s Extremely Large Telescope<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/outreach\/pressmedia\/#epodpress_form\">For journalists: subscribe to receive our releases under embargo in your language<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/sci\/publications\/announcements\/sciann17463.html\">For scientists: got a story? Pitch your research<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>===<\/em><strong><em> Amazon Ads <\/em><\/strong><em>===<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3lWVbb7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An Infinity of Worlds:<br \/>\nCosmic Inflation and the Beginning of the Universe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe style=\"width: 120px; height: 240px;\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ss&amp;ref=as_ss_li_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace&amp;language=en_US&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=0262046482&amp;asins=0262046482&amp;linkId=440b79aeded8e2b3c3aa07a43f3a0e7f&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-popups allow-scripts allow-modals allow-forms allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>===<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/1588346919\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=1588346919&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=hobbyspace&amp;linkId=f03c3ed8ae786328107b054c7548be90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Envisioning Exoplanets:<br \/>\nSearching for Life in the Galaxy<\/a><\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"\/\/ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/ir?t=hobbyspace&amp;l=am2&amp;o=1&amp;a=1588346919\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe style=\"width: 120px; height: 240px;\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ac&amp;ref=tf_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=1588346919&amp;asins=1588346919&amp;linkId=4d8b47019f5b3324ce507a9ee3116e32&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true&amp;price_color=333333&amp;title_color=0066c0&amp;bg_color=ffffff\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new report from European Southern Observatory (ESO): Heaviest element yet detected in an exoplanet atmosphere Using the European Southern Observatory\u2019s Very Large Telescope (ESO\u2019s VLT), astronomers have discovered the heaviest element ever found in an exoplanet atmosphere \u2014 barium. They were surprised to discover barium at high altitudes in the atmospheres of the ultra-hot &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=25418\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ESO: VLT detects heaviest element ever found in an exoplanet atmosphere<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,46,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy","category-exoplanets","category-space-science"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-6BY","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":14904,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14904","url_meta":{"origin":25418,"position":0},"title":"ESO: Observation of titanium oxide in atmosphere of gas giant exoplanet","author":"TopSpacer","date":"September 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from ESO (European Southern Observatory): Inferno World with Titanium Skies ESO\u2019s VLT makes first detection of titanium oxide in an exoplanet Astronomers using ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have detected titanium oxide in an exoplanet atmosphere for the first time. This discovery around the hot-Jupiter planet WASP-19b exploited\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/eso1729a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15658,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15658","url_meta":{"origin":25418,"position":1},"title":"NASA\/ESA: Hubble observes more water in exoplanet atmosphere than expected","author":"TopSpacer","date":"March 2, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"A new finding by the Hubble Telescope: Hubble observes exoplanet atmosphere in more detail than ever before An international team of scientists has used the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to study the atmosphere of the hot exoplanet WASP-39b. 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This is the first time this element\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/STSCI-H-p1827a-z-1000x6451.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":8985,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=8985","url_meta":{"origin":25418,"position":3},"title":"The weather on Neptune-sized HAT-P-11b exoplanet + Weathermap of exoplanet WASP-43b","author":"TopSpacer","date":"October 9, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"John Batchelor and David Livingston spoke yesterday with\u00a0 Dr. Heather Knutson about\u00a0Exoplanet HAT-P-11b:\u00a0The John Batchelor Show Hotel Mars, Wednesday, 10-8-14 -\u00a0Thespaceshow's Blog The exoplanet\u00a0has been found to have clear skies and water vapor in its atmosphere. 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