{"id":21394,"date":"2020-03-11T12:00:42","date_gmt":"2020-03-11T16:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=21394"},"modified":"2020-03-10T15:32:16","modified_gmt":"2020-03-10T19:32:16","slug":"21394","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=21394","title":{"rendered":"ESO: On exoplanet WASP-76b it rains metal cats and dogs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A new report from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso2005\/?lang\">ESO (European Southern Observatory)<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso2005\/?lang\">ESO Telescope Observes Exoplanet Where It Rains Iron<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21395\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21395\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"21395\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=21395\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,350\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/M. Kornmesser&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This illustration shows a night-side view of the exoplanet WASP-76b. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets. To the left of the image, we see the evening border of the exoplanet, where it transitions from day to night.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1583946000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Artist\\u2019s impression of the night side of WASP-76b&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Artist\u2019s impression of the night side of WASP-76b\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This illustration shows a night-side view of the exoplanet WASP-76b. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets. To the left of the image, we see the evening border of the exoplanet, where it transitions from day to night.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005a1.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-21395\" src=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005a1-500x250.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005a1-500x250.jpg 500w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005a1.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21395\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This illustration shows a night-side view of the exoplanet WASP-76b. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets. To the left of the image, we see the evening border of the exoplanet, where it transitions from day to night.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"text_intro pr_first\">Researchers using ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope (VLT) have observed an extreme planet where they suspect it rains iron. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201c<em>One could say that this planet gets rainy in the evening, except it rains iron,<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">says David Ehrenreich, a professor at the University of Geneva in Switzerland. He led a study, published today in the journal <em>Nature<\/em>, of this exotic <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exoplanet\">exoplanet<\/a>. Known as WASP-76b, it is located some 390 light-years away in the constellation of Pisces.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This strange phenomenon happens because the &#8216;iron rain&#8217; planet only ever shows one face, its day side, to its parent star, its cooler night side remaining in perpetual darkness. Like the Moon on its orbit around the Earth, WASP-76b is \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tidal_locking\">tidally locked<\/a>\u2019: it takes as long to rotate around its axis as it does to go around the star.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EcXP0XHV56I?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">On its day side, it receives thousands of times more radiation from its parent star than the Earth does from the Sun. It\u2019s so hot that molecules separate into atoms, and metals like iron evaporate into the atmosphere. The extreme temperature difference between the day and night sides results in vigorous winds that bring the iron vapour from the ultra-hot day side to the cooler night side, where temperatures decrease to around 1500 degrees Celsius.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Not only does WASP-76b have different day-night temperatures, it also has distinct day-night chemistry, according to the new study. Using the new<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/vlt-instr\/espresso\/\"> ESPRESSO<\/a> instrument on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/\">ESO\u2019s VLT<\/a> in the Chilean Atacama Desert, the astronomers identified for the first time chemical variations on an ultra-hot gas giant planet. They detected a strong signature of iron vapour at the evening border that separates the planet\u2019s day side from its night side.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201c<em>Surprisingly, however, we do not see the iron vapour in the morning,<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">says Ehrenreich. The reason, he says, is that<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201c<em>it is raining iron on the night side of this extreme exoplanet.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">[Mar\u00eda Rosa Zapatero Osorio, an astrophysicist at the Centre for Astrobiology in Madrid, Spain, and the chair of the ESPRESSO science team, adds,]<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201c<em>The observations show that iron vapour is abundant in the atmosphere of the hot day side of WASP-76b<\/em>&#8220;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&#8220;<em>A fraction of this iron is injected into the night side owing to the planet&#8217;s rotation and atmospheric winds. There, the iron encounters much cooler environments, condenses and rains down.<\/em>&#8220;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This result was obtained from the very first science observations done with ESPRESSO, in September 2018, by the scientific consortium who built the instrument: a team from Portugal, Italy, Switzerland, Spain and ESO.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BAN-l2rkOHE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">ESPRESSO \u2014 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/vlt-instr\/espresso\/\">Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations<\/a> \u2014 was originally designed to hunt for Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars. However, it has proven to be much more versatile.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201c<em>We soon realised that the remarkable collecting power of the VLT and the extreme stability of ESPRESSO made it a prime machine to study exoplanet atmospheres,<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">says Pedro Figueira, ESPRESSO instrument scientist at ESO in Chile.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201c<em>What we have now is a whole new way to trace the climate of the most extreme exoplanets<\/em>,\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">concludes Ehrenreich.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21396\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21396\" style=\"width: 354px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"21396\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=21396\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005b1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,990\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Frederik Peeters (https:\/\/freder&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This comic-book-style illustration by Swiss graphic novelist Frederik Peeters shows a close-up view of the evening border of the exoplanet WASP-76b. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets. Theoretical studies show that a planet, like WASP-76b, with an extremely hot day side and colder night side would have a gigantic condensation front in the form of a cloud cascade at its evening border, the transition from day to night, as depicted here.\\u00a0&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1583946000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Another artist\\u2019s impression of WASP-76b&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Another artist\u2019s impression of WASP-76b\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This comic-book-style illustration by Swiss graphic novelist Frederik Peeters shows a close-up view of the evening border of the exoplanet WASP-76b. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets. Theoretical studies show that a planet, like WASP-76b, with an extremely hot day side and colder night side would have a gigantic condensation front in the form of a cloud cascade at its evening border, the transition from day to night, as depicted here.\u00a0&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005b1.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-21396\" src=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005b1-354x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"354\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005b1-354x500.jpg 354w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/eso2005b1.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21396\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This comic-book-style illustration by Swiss graphic novelist Frederik Peeters shows a close-up view of the evening border of the exoplanet WASP-76b. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong winds carry iron vapour to the cooler night side where it condenses into iron droplets. Theoretical studies show that a planet, like WASP-76b, with an extremely hot day side and colder night side would have a gigantic condensation front in the form of a cloud cascade at its evening border, the transition from day to night, as depicted here.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Links<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/archives\/releases\/sciencepapers\/eso2005\/eso2005a.pdf\">Research paper<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/archive\/search\/?adv=&amp;title=espresso\">Photos of ESPRESSO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/archive\/category\/paranal\/\">Photos of the VLT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/vlt-instr\/espresso\/\">More about ESPRESSO and how it finds exoplanets<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>===<\/em><strong><em> Amazon Ad <\/em><\/strong><em>===<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/0691175543\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=0691175543&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=hobbyspace&amp;linkId=91037df1c021a34ad39cf7a3621977b9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">More Things in the Heavens:<br \/>\nHow Infrared Astronomy Is Expanding Our View of the Universe<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;\" src=\"\/\/ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/ir?t=hobbyspace&amp;l=am2&amp;o=1&amp;a=0691175543\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe style=\"width: 120px; height: 240px;\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ac&amp;ref=tf_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=0691175543&amp;asins=0691175543&amp;linkId=0ba7f3e7ee3431ca0c3cc735dc73981d&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true&amp;price_color=333333&amp;title_color=0066c0&amp;bg_color=ffffff\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new report from ESO (European Southern Observatory): ESO Telescope Observes Exoplanet Where It Rains Iron Researchers using ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope (VLT) have observed an extreme planet where they suspect it rains iron. The ultra-hot giant exoplanet has a day side where temperatures climb above 2400 degrees Celsius, high enough to vaporise metals. Strong &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=21394\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ESO: On exoplanet WASP-76b it rains metal cats and dogs<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/s34aWK-21394","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":25418,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=25418","url_meta":{"origin":21394,"position":0},"title":"ESO: VLT detects heaviest element ever found in an exoplanet atmosphere","author":"TopSpacer","date":"October 13, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from European Southern Observatory (ESO): Heaviest element yet detected in an exoplanet atmosphere Using the European Southern Observatory\u2019s Very Large Telescope (ESO\u2019s VLT), astronomers have discovered the heaviest element ever found in an exoplanet atmosphere \u2014 barium. They were surprised to discover barium at high altitudes in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eso2213a1-500x309.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":8985,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=8985","url_meta":{"origin":21394,"position":1},"title":"The weather on Neptune-sized HAT-P-11b exoplanet + Weathermap of exoplanet WASP-43b","author":"TopSpacer","date":"October 9, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"John Batchelor and David Livingston spoke yesterday with\u00a0 Dr. Heather Knutson about\u00a0Exoplanet HAT-P-11b:\u00a0The John Batchelor Show Hotel Mars, Wednesday, 10-8-14 -\u00a0Thespaceshow's Blog The exoplanet\u00a0has been found to have clear skies and water vapor in its atmosphere. 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This discovery around the hot-Jupiter planet WASP-19b exploited\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/eso1729a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15658,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15658","url_meta":{"origin":21394,"position":4},"title":"NASA\/ESA: Hubble observes more water in exoplanet atmosphere than expected","author":"TopSpacer","date":"March 2, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"A new finding by the Hubble Telescope: Hubble observes exoplanet atmosphere in more detail than ever before An international team of scientists has used the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to study the atmosphere of the hot exoplanet WASP-39b. 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