{"id":18723,"date":"2019-05-10T12:30:50","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T16:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=18723"},"modified":"2019-05-14T11:54:11","modified_gmt":"2019-05-14T15:54:11","slug":"space-sciences-roundup-may-10-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=18723","title":{"rendered":"Space sciences roundup &#8211; May.10.2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A sampling of recent articles, videos, and images from space-related science news items:<\/p>\n<p><strong>** Experiments designed and built by students<\/strong> were among the 38 R&amp;D payloads on the recent Blue Origin New Shepard flight to 106 km:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/newsroom.ucla.edu\/stories\/ucla-students-touch-space-with-a-microgravity-experiment\">UCLA students touch space with a microgravity experiment | UCLA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/today.ucf.edu\/blue-origin-launch-today-marks-ucfs-fourth-flight-space-year\/\">Blue Origin Launch Marks UCF\u2019s Fourth Flight into Space This Year &#8211; University of Central Florida News | UCF Today<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2019\/space-and-back-six-suborbital-research-payloads-mit-media-lab-0503\">Six suborbital research payloads from MIT [Media Lab] fly to space and back | MIT News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2019\/05\/new-shepard-science-mission-upcoming-passenger-flights\/\">New Shepard conducts science mission ahead of upcoming passenger flights \u2013 NASASpaceFlight.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/spacetech\/feature\/NASA_and_Blue_Origin_Help_Classrooms_and_Researchers_Reach_Space\">NASA and Blue Origin Help Classrooms and Researchers Reach Space | NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, the UCLA team of 11 students designed and built an experimental magnetic pump named <a class=\"external-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bruinspace.com\/projects\/rapid.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Blue Dawn<\/a> that will work in zero-gravity:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cThe goal was to see if we could design an efficient fluid pump without any moving parts to work in zero-gravity, which has never been done before,\u201d said Alexander Gonzalez, fourth-year physics major and undergrad science lead on the project. Such a low-maintenance pump would be ideal for moving various liquids on the International Space Station, and could reduce the risk of motorized pump failures for rovers and even future bases on the moon or Mars.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Living tissues embedded in 3D electronics chips were among the research projects <\/strong>on the recent SpaceX Dragon Cargo mission to the ISS. The company <a href=\"https:\/\/emulatebio.com\/\">Emulate, Inc.<\/a> sent &#8220;organs-on-chips&#8221; to the ISS to study the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=7912\">Effects of Microgravity on Human Physiology<\/a> including<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em> the effect of microgravity and other space-related stressors on the brain blood barrier. It uses fully automated tissue chip technology, a Brain-Chip, consisting of living neuronal and vascular endothelial cells in a micro-engineered environment. Results may provide insight into the relationship between inflammation and brain function and a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I5i9WCHbkz0?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>More about tissue chip research in microgravity:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/tissue-chips\">Tissue Chips in Space a Big Leap for Research | NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/johnson\/HWHAP\/organs-on-chips-in-space\">Ep 70: Organs on Chips in Space &#8211; Houston We Have A Podcast\/NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ncats.nih.gov\/tissuechip\/projects\/space\">Tissue Chips in Space | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences\/NIH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8kLw0mKU6Zk?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>** The latest sunspot count<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/essays-and-commentaries\/sunspot-update-april-2019-not-quite-minimum\/\">Sunspot update April 2019: Not quite minimum | Behind The Black<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>As the Sun ramps down to minimum it will have months where there is no activity, as happened <a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/points-of-information\/sunspot-update-february-2019-the-sun-flatlines-again\/\">in February 2019<\/a>, and months, such as in March and April, where more sunspots appear.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Eventually the quiet months will become dominate, and soon thereafter, when activity increases again (assuming it does), the solar science community will then announce the date of true minimum.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>We are not there. Normally it can take a year or more for the Sun to settle down. If activity declines as indicated by the red curve, it could take as long four years, which would be a record-long minimum. The difference will tell us whether the eleven-year solar cycle is continuing, or the Sun is heading into <a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/essays-and-commentaries\/sunspot-update-march-2019-an-upcoming-grand-minimum\/\">a grand minimum<\/a>, with no significant sunspots for decades.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Measuring the magnetism of Mars and Jupiter<\/strong> were discussed on the recent <a href=\"http:\/\/TMRO.tv\">TMRO.tv<\/a> episode Orbit 12.15:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>NASA&#8217;s MAVEN Magnetometer Instrument Lead Dr. Jared Espley joins us to talk about MAVEN, Juno and how we measure the magnetism of planets in our local system. More information on MAVEN can be found here: <a class=\"yt-simple-endpoint style-scope yt-formatted-string\" spellcheck=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/maven\/main\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/ma&#8230;<\/a> And more information on Juno can be found here: <\/em><a class=\"yt-simple-endpoint style-scope yt-formatted-string\" spellcheck=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/juno\/main\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><em>https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/ju&#8230;<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/i5d7FEcLzDQ?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-lang=\"en\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"de\">Dolphin spotted on Jupiter&#8230;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASAJuno?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAJuno<\/a> Perijove 16 [ Eichst\u00e4dt \/ Doran ] <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/GzoGASVMya\">pic.twitter.com\/GzoGASVMya<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Se\u00e1n Doran (@_TheSeaning) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/_TheSeaning\/status\/1124083738428739596?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 2, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>** The mystery of Mars water remains unsolved<\/strong>: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.planetary.org\/blogs\/guest-blogs\/2019\/mars-water-stable-paradox.html\">Mars Used to Have Water, But We Can&#8217;t Explain How | The Planetary Society<\/a> &#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Mars has been the most extensively studied planet in the Solar System, except of course Earth. For the last 25 years, these missions have focused on the search for life by \u201cfollowing the water.\u201d Although we have acquired compelling evidence of flowing liquid water on early Mars, the fundamental question about how water could be stable under Martian atmospheric conditions remains unsolved. Everything we have learned about Mars points towards a freezing cold Martian climate that would be incapable of stabilizing liquid water throughout Mars\u2019 history.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>** <strong>Even dry asteroids contain water<\/strong> in our wet solar system: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/water-found-dust-itokawa-asteroid-thought-be-bone-dry\" target=\"_d\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Water has been found in dust of an asteroid thought to be bone-dry | Science News<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Grains of dust from the asteroid Itokawa actually contain a surprising amount of water, two cosmochemists from Arizona State University in Tempe report May 1 in Science Advances.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cWe didn\u2019t really expect water to be there in Itokawa at all,\u201d says study coauthor Maitrayee Bose. But if similar asteroids have similar amounts of water, the space rocks could have been a major source of water for the early Earth.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>** <strong>More cave openings spotted on Mars<\/strong> and analyzed by Bob Zimmerman: <a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/essays-and-commentaries\/the-many-pits-of-arsia-mons\/\">The many pits of Arsia Mons | Behind The Black<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18731\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18731\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/essays-and-commentaries\/the-many-pits-of-arsia-mons\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"18731\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=18731\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pits2019MayMaster1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"718,450\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Arsia Mons pits 2019\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Arsia Mons pits 2019. Credits Behind-the-Black&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pits2019MayMaster1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-18731\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pits2019MayMaster1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pits2019MayMaster1.jpg 718w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pits2019MayMaster1-300x188.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18731\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Arsia Mons pits 2019. Credits <a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/essays-and-commentaries\/the-many-pits-of-arsia-mons\/\">Behind-the-Black<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The many pits surrounding Arsia Mons highlight a far greater mystery about Martian geology. Some geologists <a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/points-of-information\/mars-likely-has-many-large-and-extensive-cave-systems\/\">believe<\/a> that the many meandering channels we see on Mars could have formed not from surface flow as generally assumed but by underground drainage that washed out voids below the ground which in turn caused the surface to subside, forming those meandering channels.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Yet, as far as I can tell, the only place where scientists have been able to identify a significant number of potential cave openings are on the volcanic slopes of Arisa Mons and its neighboring giant volcanos. There are exceptions, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/essays-and-commentaries\/the-location-for-a-future-martian-colony\/\">this spectacular pit<\/a> at the head of a channel in the transition zone between the southern highlands and the northern lowlands, as well as two different pits, <a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/essays-and-commentaries\/another-intriguing-pit-on-mars\/\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/behindtheblack.com\/behind-the-black\/points-of-information\/another-skylight-entrance-pit-found-on-mars\/\">here,<\/a> that are located in the lowlands in Utopia Basin. Overall however the bulk of pits imaged by MRO appear to be on the slopes of the giant volcanoes, with the majority so far found near Arsia Mons.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>** <strong>Insight lander images sunrise and sunset on Mars<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/jpl\/insight-captures-sunrise-and-sunset-on-mars\">InSight Captures Sunrise and Sunset on Mars | NASA<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>A camera on the spacecraft&#8217;s robotic arm snapped the photos on April 24 and 25, the 145th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. In local Mars time, the shots were taken starting around 5:30 a.m. and then again starting around 6:30 p.m. As a bonus, a camera under the lander&#8217;s deck also caught clouds drifting across the Martian sky at sunset.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18729\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18729\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/jpl\/insight-captures-sunrise-and-sunset-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"18729\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=18729\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pia23202_raw-jon1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"985,554\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Insight captures a sunset.\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;NASA&amp;#8217;s InSight lander used the Instrument Deployment Camera (IDC) on the end of its robotic arm to image this sunset on Mars on April 25, 2019, the 145th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. This was taken around 6:30 p.m. Mars local time.&lt;br \/&gt;\nCredits: NASA\/JPL-Caltech. Full image and caption&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pia23202_raw-jon1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-18729\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pia23202_raw-jon1.jpg\" alt=\"Insight captures a sunset.\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pia23202_raw-jon1.jpg 985w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pia23202_raw-jon1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pia23202_raw-jon1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18729\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>&#8220;NASA&#8217;s InSight lander used the Instrument Deployment Camera (IDC) on the end of its robotic arm to image this sunset on Mars on April 25, 2019, the 145th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. This was taken around 6:30 p.m. Mars local time.&#8221; Credits: NASA\/JPL-Caltech. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/spaceimages\/details.php?id=PIA23202\">Full image and caption<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>**<\/strong> <strong>NASA orbiter measures the temperature of Mars moon Phobos<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/news.php?feature=7398\">Why This Martian Full Moon Looks Like Candy &#8211; NASA JPL<\/a> &#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>For the first time, NASA&#8217;s Mars Odyssey orbiter has caught the Martian moon Phobos during a full moon phase. Each color in this new image represents a temperature range detected by Odyssey&#8217;s infrared camera, which has been studying the Martian moon since <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/news.php?feature=6965\">September of 2017<\/a>. Looking like a rainbow-colored jawbreaker, these latest observations could help scientists understand what materials make up Phobos, the larger of Mars&#8217; two moons.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Odyssey is NASA&#8217;s longest-lived Mars mission. Its heat-vision camera, the Thermal Emission Imaging System (<a href=\"https:\/\/themis.asu.edu\/\">THEMIS<\/a>), can detect changes in surface temperature as Phobos circles Mars every seven hours. Different textures and minerals determine how much heat THEMIS detects.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/news.php?release=2019-085\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"18742\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=18742\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/PIA23205-161.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Phobos temperature\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/PIA23205-161-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-18742\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/PIA23205-161-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Phobos temperature\" width=\"520\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/PIA23205-161-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/PIA23205-161-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/PIA23205-161-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/PIA23205-161.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Such measurements can help determine the composition of the moon, particularly the minerals and metals:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Iron and nickel are two such metals. Depending on how abundant the metals are, and how they&#8217;re mixed with other minerals, these data could help determine whether Phobos is a captured asteroid or a pile of Mars fragments, blasted into space by a giant impact long ago.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>These recent observations won&#8217;t definitively explain Phobos&#8217; origin, Bandfield added. But Odyssey is collecting vital data on a moon scientists still know little about &#8211; one that future missions might want to visit. Human exploration of Phobos has been discussed in the space community as a distant, future possibility, and a Japanese sample-return mission to the moon is scheduled for launch in the 2020s.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>** Hubble telescope images assembled into a giant mosaic of 265k galaxies<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/news\/heic1909\/?lang\">Hubble Assembles Wide View of the Distant Universe | ESA\/Hubble<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Astronomers developed a mosaic of the distant Universe that documents 16 years of observations from the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The image, called the Hubble Legacy Field, contains roughly 265,000 galaxies that stretch back to just 500 million years after the Big Bang.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>The wavelength range of this image stretches from ultraviolet to near-infrared light, capturing all the features of galaxy assembly over time. The faintest and farthest galaxies in the image are just one ten-billionth the brightness of what the human eye can observe.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u201cNow that we have gone wider than in previous surveys, we are harvesting many more distant galaxies in the largest such dataset ever produced,\u201d said Garth Illingworth of the University of California, Santa Cruz, leader of the team that assembled the image. \u201cNo image will surpass this one until future space telescopes like James Webb are launched.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This video &#8220;<em>takes the viewer on a journey into the Hubble Legacy Field&#8221;:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4QyFrU31cc8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>** Tracking Gaia precisely to get precise locations of a billion stars: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1908\/\">Pinpointing Gaia to Map the Milky Way | ESO<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>This image, a composite of several observations captured by ESO\u2019s VLT Survey Telescope (VST), shows the ESA spacecraft Gaia as a faint trail of dots across the lower half of the star-filled field of view. These observations were taken as part of an ongoing collaborative effort to measure Gaia\u2019s orbit and improve the accuracy of its unprecedented star map.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18732\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18732\" style=\"width: 520px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1908\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"18732\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=18732\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/eso1908a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,785\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This image, a composite of several observations captured by ESO\\u2019s VLT Survey Telescope (VST), shows the space observatory Gaia as a faint trail of dots across the lower half of the star-filled field of view. These observations were taken as part of an ongoing collaborative effort to measure Gaia\\u2019s orbit and improve the accuracy of its unprecedented star map.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1556809200&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Pinpointing Gaia to Map the Milky Way&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Pinpointing Gaia to Map the Milky Way\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This image, a composite of several observations captured by ESO\u2019s VLT Survey Telescope (VST), shows the space observatory Gaia as a faint trail of dots across the lower half of the star-filled field of view. These observations were taken as part of an ongoing collaborative effort to measure Gaia\u2019s orbit and improve the accuracy of its unprecedented star map.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/eso1908a1-1024x628.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-18732\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/eso1908a1-1024x628.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/eso1908a1-1024x628.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/eso1908a1-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/eso1908a1-768x471.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/eso1908a1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18732\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This image, a composite of several observations captured by ESO\u2019s VLT Survey Telescope (VST), shows the space observatory Gaia as a faint trail of dots across the lower half of the star-filled field of view. These observations were taken as part of an ongoing collaborative effort to measure Gaia\u2019s orbit and improve the accuracy of its unprecedented star map.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Our_Activities\/Space_Science\/Gaia\">Gaia<\/a>, operated by the European Space Agency <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA\">(ESA)<\/a>, surveys the sky from orbit to create the largest, most precise, three-dimensional map of our Galaxy. One year ago, the Gaia mission produced its much-awaited second data release, which included high-precision measurements \u2014 positions, distance and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proper_motion\">proper motions<\/a> \u2014 of more than one billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy. This catalogue has enabled transformational studies in many fields of astronomy, addressing the structure, origin and evolution the Milky Way and generating more than 1700 scientific publications since its launch in 2013.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>In order to reach the accuracy necessary for Gaia\u2019s sky maps, it is crucial to pinpoint the position of the spacecraft from Earth. Therefore, while Gaia scans the sky, gathering data for its stellar census, astronomers regularly monitor its position using a global network of optical telescopes, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/surveytelescopes\/vst\/\">VST<\/a> at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/\">ESO\u2019s Paranal Observatory<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1908\/#1\">[1]<\/a>. The VST is currently the largest survey telescope observing the sky in visible light, and records Gaia\u2019s position in the sky every second night throughout the year.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>** <strong>A Galaxy Grouping in 2D and 3D: Stephan&#8217;s Quintet;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>In 1877, Edouard Stephan discovered a tight visual grouping of five galaxies located in the constellation Pegasus. The galaxies of Stephan&#8217;s Quintet are both overlapping and interacting, and have become the most famous among the compact groups of galaxies. Astronomers have long known that four of the galaxies (all of which are yellowish-white in this video) form a physical group in space, while the fifth (bluish) is a foreground galaxy. In addition, a sixth galaxy (yellowish-white and on the far left) is likely to be part of the physical grouping. Hence, this 2D quintet that is a 3D quartet may actually be a 2D sextet that is a 3D quintet.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qcexzdx9sIA?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>This visualization makes apparent the spatial distribution of these galaxies. The video starts with a view that matches our 2D perspective. As the sequence travels in 3D, the foreground blue spiral, NGC 7320, quickly passes by the camera. The possible sixth galaxy member on the left, NGC 7320C, is seen at roughly the same distance as the remaining four galaxies. The camera turns to pass between two strongly interacting galaxies, NGC 7319 (left) and NGC 7318B (right), with each galaxy&#8217;s spiral structure distorted by the gravitational interaction. In contrast, NGC 7318B overlaps in 2D with the more distant elliptical NGC 7318A, but does not have a strong interaction. The other elliptical, NGC 7317, is also seen as more distant than the strongly interacting pair. In 3D, the four or five galaxies in this group are gathered together by their mutual gravity, and may collide and merge together in the future. <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Credits: G. Bacon, J. DePasquale, F. Summers, Z. Levay (STScI)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">====<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/1989044034\/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=1989044034&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=hobbyspace&amp;linkId=468ff49ede077d250412965bfd1e1e95\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Outpost in Orbit: A Pictorial &amp; Verbal History of the Space Station<\/a><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/ir?t=hobbyspace&amp;l=am2&amp;o=1&amp;a=1989044034\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe style=\"width: 120px; height: 240px;\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ac&amp;ref=tf_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=1989044034&amp;asins=1989044034&amp;linkId=dc1c05f116d882f06ee4e91c70595423&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true&amp;price_color=333333&amp;title_color=0066c0&amp;bg_color=ffffff\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A sampling of recent articles, videos, and images from space-related science news items: ** Experiments designed and built by students were among the 38 R&amp;D payloads on the recent Blue Origin New Shepard flight to 106 km: UCLA students touch space with a microgravity experiment | UCLA Blue Origin Launch Marks UCF\u2019s Fourth Flight into &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=18723\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Space sciences roundup &#8211; May.10.2019<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12,31,96],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy","category-solar-science","category-micrograv"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-4RZ","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":20746,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=20746","url_meta":{"origin":18723,"position":0},"title":"AIAA &#038; Blue Origin sponsor HS student competition to send experiment to space","author":"TopSpacer","date":"January 10, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"An announcement from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and Blue Origin: AIAA and Blue Origin Partner to Launch Experiments Designed by High School Students into Space January 9, 2020 \u2013 Reston, Va. \u2013\u00a0The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and Blue Origin have partnered to create\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Education&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Education","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=22"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/new-shepard-launch-2501.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":17615,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=17615","url_meta":{"origin":18723,"position":1},"title":"Blue Origin flies New Shepard reusable rocket vehicle to edge of space","author":"TopSpacer","date":"January 23, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Blue Origin today successfully flew a New Shepard reusable suborbital rocket vehicle to over 100 km altitude. There were eight research experiments aboard the capsule, which separated from the booster after its engine ended its burn. The booster made a powered landing while the capsule returned via parachutes. The flight\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;micro-g R&amp;D&quot;","block_context":{"text":"micro-g R&amp;D","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=95"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/YUzYCDbDlnc\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":12446,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12446","url_meta":{"origin":18723,"position":2},"title":"Video: Blue Origin flies its New Shepard rocket to space and back","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 4, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Blue Origin, the space\u00a0company owned by Jeff Bezos of Amazon.com fame, flew their New Shepard reusable suborbital rocket vehicle for the third time last Saturday. The rocket takes off with the\u00a0rocket booster and crew capsule connected together but just above 100 km in altitude\u00a0the two separate. The crew capsule falls\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Rockets&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Rockets","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/YU3J-jKb75g\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":22175,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=22175","url_meta":{"origin":18723,"position":3},"title":"Virginia student wins first Design\/Build\/Launch competition sponsored by AIAA\/Blue Origin","author":"TopSpacer","date":"July 9, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Here's an announcement from AIAA and Blue Origin : Virginia High School Student Wins First Design\/Build\/Launch Competition Sponsored by Blue Origin and AIAA July 8, 2020 \u2013 Reston, Va. \u2013 The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and Blue Origin are pleased to announce the winner of their Design\/Build\/Launch\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Contests and Games&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Contests and Games","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=16"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/eleanor-1400_800x468-500x293.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":17347,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=17347","url_meta":{"origin":18723,"position":4},"title":"Two rockets set to launch: A SpaceX Falcon 9 and Blue Origin&#8217;s New Shepard","author":"TopSpacer","date":"December 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"[ Update Dec.18 #3: : All the launches set for today have been scrubbed: To recap today: Falcon 9: scrubbed due to vehicle issue New Shepard: scrubbed due to ground equipment issue Soyuz: scrubbed due to high upper-level winds Delta 4 Heavy: scrubbed due to high ground-level winds. https:\/\/t.co\/peVmRqm0yK \u2014\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;micro-g R&amp;D&quot;","block_context":{"text":"micro-g R&amp;D","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=95"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/UMtpVS0xM1c\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":13299,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13299","url_meta":{"origin":18723,"position":5},"title":"Video: Blue Origin&#8217;s New Shepard rocket demonstrates safe in-flight abort","author":"TopSpacer","date":"October 6, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Blue Origin, the space company owned by Amazon.com CEO Jeff Bezos, flew their New Shepard reusable suborbital rocket yesterday. The goal was to test the abort system for the crew capsule. At about 45 seconds after liftoff, the crew capsule separated and flew off from the booster. It was expected\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Rockets&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Rockets","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=5"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/ESc_0MgmqOA\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18723"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18765,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18723\/revisions\/18765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}