{"id":17009,"date":"2018-11-07T10:45:42","date_gmt":"2018-11-07T15:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=17009"},"modified":"2018-11-07T10:45:42","modified_gmt":"2018-11-07T15:45:42","slug":"eso-black-hole-powers-galactic-fountain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=17009","title":{"rendered":"ESO: Black hole powers galactic fountain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The European Southern Observatory (<a title=\"ALMA and MUSE Detect Galactic Fountain | ESO\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/\">ESO<\/a>) releases a new report:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a title=\"ALMA and MUSE Detect Galactic Fountain | ESO\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1836\/?lang\">ALMA and MUSE Detect Galactic Fountain<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13244\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13244\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1836a\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13244\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13244\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/moonrise1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"728,383\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Space Show &amp;#8211; Moon Rise\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;The Space Show with David Livingston&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;David Livingston&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/moonrise1.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13244\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/eso1836a.jpg\" alt=\"ALMA and MUSE Detect Galactic Fountain\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13244\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Composite image of the Abell 2597 galaxy cluster showing the fountain-like flow of gas powered by the supermassive black hole in the central galaxy. The yellow is ALMA data showing cold gas. The red is data from the MUSE instrument on ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope showing the hot hydrogen gas in the same region. The blue-purple is the extended hot, ionized gas as imaged by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The yellow ALMA data shows infalling material and the red MUSE data shows material launched in a vast spout by the black hole. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1836a\/\">Hi-Res versions<\/a>]<br \/><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Observations by ALMA and data from the MUSE spectrograph on ESO\u2019s VLT have revealed a colossal fountain of molecular gas powered by a black hole in the brightest galaxy of the Abell 2597 cluster \u2014 the full galactic cycle of inflow and outflow powering this vast cosmic fountain has never before been observed in one system.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UbwzY5uBhOU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>A mere one billion light-years away in the nearby galaxy cluster known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1618c\/\">Abell 2597<\/a>, there lies a gargantuan galactic fountain. A massive black hole at the heart of a distant galaxy has been observed pumping a vast spout of cold molecular gas into space, which then rains back onto the black hole as an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1618\/\">intergalactic deluge<\/a>. The in- and outflow of such a vast cosmic fountain has never before been observed in combination, and has its origin in the innermost 100 000 light-years of the brightest galaxy in the Abell 2597 cluster.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cThis is possibly the first system in which we find clear evidence for both cold molecular gas inflow toward the black hole and outflow or uplift from the jets that the black hole launches,\u201d<\/em> explained Grant Tremblay of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfa.harvard.edu\/\">Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics<\/a> and former ESO Fellow, who led this study. <em>\u201cThe supermassive black hole at the centre of this giant galaxy acts like a mechanical pump in a fountain.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tremblay and his team used <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/alma\/\">ALMA<\/a> to track the position and motion of molecules of carbon monoxide within the nebula. These cold molecules, with temperatures as low as minus 250\u2013260\u00b0C, were found to be falling inwards to the black hole. The team also used data from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/vlt-instr\/muse\/\">MUSE<\/a> instrument on ESO\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/\">Very Large Telescope<\/a> to track warmer gas \u2014 which is being launched out of the black hole in the form of jets.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cThe unique aspect here is a very detailed coupled analysis of the source using data from ALMA and MUSE,\u201d<\/em> Tremblay explained. <em>\u201cThe two facilities make for an incredibly powerful combination.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Together these two sets of data form a complete picture of the process; cold gas falls towards the black hole, igniting the black hole and causing it to launch fast-moving jets of incandescent plasma into the void. These jets then spout from the black hole in a spectacular galactic fountain. With no hope of escaping the galaxy\u2019s gravitational clutches, the plasma cools off, slows down, and eventually <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1618\/\">rains back down on the black hole<\/a>, where the cycle begins anew.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fJLfDaOU-HA?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><em>This zoom video starts with a wide view of the Milky Way and ends with a close-up of the Abell 2597 cluster. Observations by ALMA and data from the MUSE spectrograph on ESO\u2019s VLT have revealed a colossal fountain of molecular gas powered by a black hole in the brightest galaxy of the Abell 2597 cluster \u2014 the galactic cycle powering this vast cosmic fountain has never before been observed so clearly. The final shot is a composite image of the Abell 2597 galaxy cluster showing the fountain-like flow of gas powered by the supermassive black hole in the central galaxy. The yellow is ALMA data showing cold gas. The red is data from the MUSE instrument on ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope showing the hot hydrogen gas in the same region. The extend purple is the extended hot, ionized gas as imaged by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Credit: ESO and Digitized Sky Survey 2, N. Risinger (<a href=\"http:\/\/skysurvey.org\">skysurvey.org<\/a>) Music: Astral Electronic.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This unprecedented observation could shed light on the life cycle of galaxies. The team speculates that this process may be not only common, but also essential to understanding galaxy formation. While the inflow and outflow of cold molecular gas have both previously been detected, this is the first time both have been detected within one system, and hence the first evidence that the two make up part of the same vast process.<\/p>\n<p>Abell 2597 is found in the constellation Aquarius, and is named for its inclusion in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abell_catalogue\">Abell catalogue of rich clusters of galaxies<\/a>. The catalogue also includes such clusters as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso0949c\/\">Fornax cluster<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/videos\/eso1211b\/\">Hercules cluster<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/videos\/eso1120a\/\">Pandora\u2019s cluster<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/1538-4357\/aad6dd\">Research paper<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/archive\/search\/?adv=&amp;subject_name=Atacama%20Large%20Millimeter\/submillimeter%20Array\">Photos of ALMA<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/archive\/search\/?adv=&amp;subject_name=Very%20Large%20Telescope\">Pictures of the VLT<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The European Southern Observatory (ESO) releases a new report: ALMA and MUSE Detect Galactic Fountain Observations by ALMA and data from the MUSE spectrograph on ESO\u2019s VLT have revealed a colossal fountain of molecular gas powered by a black hole in the brightest galaxy of the Abell 2597 cluster \u2014 the full galactic cycle of &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=17009\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ESO: Black hole powers galactic fountain<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-4ql","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":24144,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=24144","url_meta":{"origin":17009,"position":0},"title":"ESO: Galactic star formation seen vividly in VLT\/ALMA images","author":"TopSpacer","date":"July 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the European Southern Observatory (ESO): Galactic fireworks: new ESO images reveal stunning features of nearby galaxies A team of astronomers has released new observations of nearby galaxies that resemble colourful cosmic fireworks. 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