{"id":16131,"date":"2018-06-04T11:00:34","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T15:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=16131"},"modified":"2018-06-03T23:52:20","modified_gmt":"2018-06-04T03:52:20","slug":"eso-starburst-galaxies-found-with-many-more-massive-stars-than-expected","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=16131","title":{"rendered":"ESO: Starburst galaxies found with many more massive stars than expected"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A new report from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESO<\/a>\u00a0(European Southern Observatory):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1817\/?lang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALMA and VLT Find Too Many Massive Stars in Starburst Galaxies, Near and Far<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_16132\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16132\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"16132\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=16132\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,508\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/M. Kornmesser&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This artist\\u2019s impression shows a dusty galaxy in the distant Universe that is forming stars at a rate much higher than in our Milky Way. New ALMA observations have allowed scientists to lift the veil of dust and see what was previously inaccessible \\u2014 that such starburst\\u00a0 galaxies have an excess of massive stars as compared to more peaceful galaxies.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1528131600&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Artist\\u2019s impression of a dusty starburst galaxy&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Artist\u2019s impression of a dusty starburst galaxy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This artist\u2019s impression shows a dusty galaxy in the distant Universe that is forming stars at a rate much higher than in our Milky Way. New ALMA observations have allowed scientists to lift the veil of dust and see what was previously inaccessible \u2014 that such starburst\u00a0 galaxies have an excess of massive stars as compared to more peaceful galaxies.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817a1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-16132\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817a1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817a1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817a1-300x218.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This artist\u2019s impression shows a dusty galaxy in the distant Universe that is forming stars at a rate much higher than in our Milky Way. New ALMA observations have allowed scientists to lift the veil of dust and see what was previously inaccessible \u2014 that such starburst\u00a0 galaxies have an excess of massive stars as compared to more peaceful galaxies. [ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1817a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Larger images<\/a> ]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Astronomers using ALMA and the VLT have discovered that both starburst galaxies in the early Universe and a star-forming region in a nearby galaxy contain a much higher proportion of massive stars than is found in more peaceful galaxies. These findings challenge current ideas about how galaxies evolved, changing our understanding of cosmic star-formation history and the build up of chemical elements.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aKN6P9Di088?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Probing the distant Universe a team of scientists, led by University of Edinburgh astronomer Zhi-Yu Zhang, used the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/alma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array (ALMA)<\/a>\u00a0to investigate the proportion of massive stars in four distant gas-rich\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Starburst_galaxy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">starburst galaxies<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a>. These galaxies are seen when the Universe was much younger than it is now so the infant galaxies\u00a0are unlikely to have undergone many previous episodes of star formation, which might otherwise have confused the results.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_16133\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16133\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1817b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"16133\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=16133\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817b1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,498\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This gigantic star-forming region in the Milky Way\\u2019s neighbour galaxy the Large Magellanic Cloud is the birthplace of an astonishing number of massive stars, some of which might have masses of up to 300 solar masses.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1528131600&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This gigantic star-forming region in the Milky Way\u2019s neighbour galaxy the Large Magellanic Cloud is the birthplace of an astonishing number of massive stars, some of which might have masses of up to 300 solar masses.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817b1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-16133\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817b1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817b1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817b1-300x213.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This gigantic star-forming region in the Milky Way\u2019s neighbour galaxy the Large Magellanic Cloud is the birthplace of an astonishing number of massive stars, some of which might have masses of up to 300 solar masses. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1817b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Larger images<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Zhang and his team developed a new technique \u2014 analogous to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radiocarbon_dating\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radiocarbon dating<\/a>\u00a0(also known as carbon-14 dating) \u2014 to measure the abundances of different types of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carbon_monoxide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carbon monoxide<\/a>\u00a0in four very distant, dust-shrouded starburst galaxies\u00a0<a href=\"#2\">[2]<\/a>. They observed the ratio of two types of carbon monoxide containing different isotopes\u00a0<a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>Carbon and oxygen isotopes have different origins<\/em>\u201d, explains Zhang. \u201c<em><sup>18<\/sup>O is produced more in massive stars, and\u00a0<sup>13<\/sup>C is produced more in low- to intermediate-mass stars.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to the new technique the team was able to peer through the dust in these galaxies and assess for the first time the masses of their stars.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TSFq3mjrTBk?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The mass of a star is the most important factor determining how it will evolve. Massive stars shine brilliantly and have short lives and less massive ones, such as the Sun, shine more modestly for billions of years. Knowing the proportions of stars of different masses that are formed in galaxies therefore underpins astronomers\u2019 understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies throughout the history of the Universe. Consequently, it gives us crucial insights about the chemical elements available to form new stars and planets and, ultimately, the number of seed black holes that may coalesce to form the supermassive black holes that we see in the centres of many galaxies.<\/p>\n<p>Co-author Donatella Romano from the\u00a0INAF-Astrophysics and Space Science Observatory in Bologna\u00a0explains what the team found:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>The ratio of\u00a0<sup>18<\/sup>O to\u00a0<sup>13<\/sup>C was about 10 times higher in these starburst galaxies in the early Universe than it is in galaxies such as the Milky Way, meaning that there is a much higher proportion of massive stars within these starburst galaxies.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The ALMA finding is corroborated by another discovery in the local Universe. A team led by Fabian Schneider of the University of Oxford, UK, made\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spectroscopy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spectroscopic<\/a>\u00a0measurements with ESO\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/eso.org\/vlt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Very Large Telescope<\/a>\u00a0of 800 stars in the gigantic star-forming region 30 Doradus in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Large_Magellanic_Cloud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Large Magellanic Cloud<\/a>\u00a0in order to investigate the overall distribution of stellar ages and initial masses\u00a0<a href=\"#4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_16134\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16134\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1817e\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"16134\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=16134\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817e1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,460\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/Zhang et al.&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This image shows the four distant starburst galaxies observed by ALMA. The top images depict the 13CO emission from each galaxy, while the bottom ones show their C18O emission. The ratio of these two isotopologues allowed astronomers to determine that these starburst galaxies have an excess of massive stars.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1528131600&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;ALMA observations of four distant starburst galaxies&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ALMA observations of four distant starburst galaxies\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This image shows the four distant starburst galaxies observed by ALMA. The top images depict the 13CO emission from each galaxy, while the bottom ones show their C18O emission. The ratio of these two isotopologues allowed astronomers to determine that these starburst galaxies have an excess of massive stars.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817e1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-16134\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817e1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817e1-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This image shows the four distant starburst galaxies observed by ALMA. The top images depict the 13CO emission from each galaxy, while the bottom ones show their C18O emission. The ratio of these two isotopologues allowed astronomers to determine that these starburst galaxies have an excess of massive stars. [ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1817e\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Larger images<\/a> ]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Schneider explained,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>We found around 30% more stars with masses more than 30 times that of the Sun than expected, and about 70% more than expected above 60 solar masses. Our results challenge the previously predicted 150 solar mass limit for the maximum birth mass of stars and even suggest that stars could have birth masses up to 300 solar masses!<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Rob Ivison, co-author of the new ALMA paper, concludes<em>: <\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cOur findings lead us to question our understanding of cosmic history. Astronomers building models of the Universe must now go back to the drawing board, with yet more sophistication required.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes<\/strong><br \/>\n<a class=\"anchor\" name=\"1\"><\/a>[1] Starburst galaxies are galaxies that are undergoing an episode of very intense star formation. The rate at which they form new stars can be 100 times or more the rate in our own galaxy, the Milky Way. Massive stars in these galaxies produce\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ionizing_radiation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ionising radiation<\/a>, stellar outflows, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supernova\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">supernova explosions<\/a>, which significantly influence the dynamical and chemical evolution of the medium around them. Studying the mass distribution of stars in these galaxies can tell us more about their own evolution, and also the evolution of the Universe more generally.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"2\"><\/a>[2] The radiocarbon dating method is used for determining the age of an object containing organic material. By measuring the amount of\u00a0<sup>14<\/sup>C, which is a radioactive isotope whose abundance continuously decreases, one can calculate when the animal or plant died. The isotopes used in the ALMA study,\u00a0<sup>13<\/sup>C and\u00a0<sup>18<\/sup>O, are stable and their abundances continuously increase during the lifetime of a galaxy, being\u00a0synthesised by thermal nuclear fusion reactions inside stars.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"3\"><\/a>[3] These different forms of the molecule are called isotopologues and they differ in the number of neutrons they can have. The carbon monoxide molecules used in this study are an example of such molecular species, because a stable carbon isotope can have either 12 or 13\u00a0nucleons\u00a0in its nucleus, and a stable oxygen isotope can have either 16, 17, or 18\u00a0nucleons.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"4\"><\/a>[4] Schneider et al. made spectroscopic observations of individual stars in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tarantula_Nebula\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30 Doradus<\/a>, a star-forming region in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud, using the Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (<a href=\"http:\/\/eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/vlt-instr\/flames\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FLAMES<\/a>) on the Very Large Telescope (<a href=\"http:\/\/eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VLT<\/a>). This study was one of the first to be carried out that has been detailed enough to show that the Universe is able to produce star-forming regions with different mass distributions from that in the Milky Way.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new report from\u00a0ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory): ALMA and VLT Find Too Many Massive Stars in Starburst Galaxies, Near and Far Astronomers using ALMA and the VLT have discovered that both starburst galaxies in the early Universe and a star-forming region in a nearby galaxy contain a much higher proportion of massive stars than is found &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=16131\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ESO: Starburst galaxies found with many more massive stars than expected<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-4cb","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":15903,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15903","url_meta":{"origin":16131,"position":0},"title":"ESO: Ancient galactic megamergers observed","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 25, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from ESO (European Southern Observatory); Ancient Galaxy Megamergers\u00a0 The ALMA and APEX telescopes have peered deep into space \u2014 back to the time when the Universe was one tenth of its current age \u2014 and witnessed the beginnings of gargantuan cosmic pileups: the impending collisions of young,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/eso1812a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":24144,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=24144","url_meta":{"origin":16131,"position":1},"title":"ESO: Galactic star formation seen vividly in VLT\/ALMA images","author":"TopSpacer","date":"July 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the European Southern Observatory (ESO): Galactic fireworks: new ESO images reveal stunning features of nearby galaxies A team of astronomers has released new observations of nearby galaxies that resemble colourful cosmic fireworks. The images, obtained with the European Southern Observatory\u2019s Very Large Telescope (ESO\u2019s VLT), show\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/eso2110a1-500x304.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14835,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14835","url_meta":{"origin":16131,"position":2},"title":"ESO: Radio telescope array detects turbulent reservoirs of cold gas in starburst galaxies","author":"TopSpacer","date":"August 30, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest\u00a0ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory) report: ALMA Finds Huge Hidden Reservoirs of Turbulent Gas in Distant Galaxies ALMA has been used to detect turbulent reservoirs of cold gas surrounding distant starburst galaxies. By detecting CH+ for the first time in the distant Universe this research opens up a new window of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1727a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":23389,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=23389","url_meta":{"origin":16131,"position":3},"title":"ESO: Galaxy dying after collision leads to rapid loss of mass for new stars","author":"TopSpacer","date":"January 11, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the European Southern Observatory (ESO): ALMA captures distant colliding galaxy dying out as it loses the ability to form stars Galaxies begin to \u201cdie\u201d when they stop forming stars, but until now astronomers had never clearly glimpsed the start of this process in a far-away galaxy.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/eso2101a1-500x319.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":13217,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13217","url_meta":{"origin":16131,"position":4},"title":"ESO: Secrets of a giant space blob uncovered","author":"TopSpacer","date":"September 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the European Southern Observatory (ESO): ALMA Uncovers Secrets of Giant Space Blob\u00a0 An international team using ALMA, along with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope and other telescopes, has discovered the true nature of a rare object in the distant Universe called a Lyman-alpha Blob. Up to now\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"This rendering shows a snapshot from a cosmological simulation of a Lyman-alpha Blob similar to LAB-1. This simulation tracks the evolution of gas and dark matter using one of the latest models for galaxy formation running on the NASA Pleiades supercomputer. This view shows the distribution of gas within the dark matter halo, colour coded so that cold gas (mainly neutral hydrogen) appears red and hot gas appears white. Embedded at the centre of this system are two strongly star-forming galaxies, but these are surrounded by hot gas and many smaller satellite galaxies that appear as small red clumps of gas here. Lyman-alpha photons escape from the central galaxies and scatter off the cold gas associated with these satellites to give rise to an extended Lyman-alpha Blob.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/eso1632a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14107,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14107","url_meta":{"origin":16131,"position":5},"title":"ESO: Stars forming in outflows from supermassive black holes","author":"TopSpacer","date":"March 27, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from\u00a0ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory): Stars Born in Winds from Supermassive Black Holes Observations using ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed stars forming within powerful outflows of material blasted out from supermassive black holes at the cores of galaxies. These are the first confirmed observations of stars forming in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/eso1710a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16131"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16135,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16131\/revisions\/16135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}