{"id":15855,"date":"2018-04-12T10:00:52","date_gmt":"2018-04-12T14:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15855"},"modified":"2018-04-11T12:13:15","modified_gmt":"2018-04-11T16:13:15","slug":"juno-video-an-infrared-tour-of-jupiters-north-pole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15855","title":{"rendered":"Juno video: An infrared tour of Jupiter&#8217;s North Pole"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Latest findings from NASA&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/juno\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juno probe<\/a> orbiting Jupiter:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/jpl\/nasa-s-juno-mission-provides-infrared-tour-of-jupiter-s-north-pole\" target=\"_d\">NASA Juno Gives Infrared Tour of Jupiter\u2019s North Pole<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/By6sZ6RGCEQ?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><em>In this animation the viewer is taken low over Jupiter\u2019s north pole to illustrate the 3-D aspects of the region\u2019s central cyclone and the eight cyclones that encircle it. The movie utilizes imagery derived from data collected by the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument aboard NASA&#8217;s Juno mission during its fourth pass over the massive planet. Infrared cameras are used to sense the temperature of Jupiter\u2019s atmosphere and provide insight into how the powerful cyclones at Jupiter&#8217;s poles work. In the animation, the yellow areas are warmer (or deeper into Jupiter\u2019s atmosphere) and the dark areas are colder (or higher up in Jupiter\u2019s atmosphere). In this picture the highest \u201cbrightness temperature\u201d is around 260K (about -13\u00b0C) and the lowest around 190K (about -83\u00b0C). The \u201cbrightness temperature\u201d is a measurement of the radiance, at 5 \u00b5m, traveling upward from the top of the atmosphere towards Juno, expressed in units of temperature.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Scientists working on NASA\u2019s Juno mission to Jupiter shared a 3-D infrared movie depicting densely packed cyclones and anticyclones that permeate the planet\u2019s polar regions, and the first detailed view of a dynamo, or engine, powering the magnetic field for any planet beyond Earth. Those are among the items unveiled during the European Geosciences Union General Assembly in Vienna, Austria, on Wednesday, April 11.<\/p>\n<p>Juno mission scientists have taken data collected by the spacecraft\u2019s Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument and generated the 3-D fly-around of the Jovian world\u2019s north pole. Imaging in the infrared part of the spectrum, JIRAM captures light emerging from deep inside Jupiter equally well, night or day. The instrument probes the weather layer down to 30 to 45 miles (50 to 70 kilometers) below Jupiter&#8217;s cloud tops. The imagery will help the team understand the forces at work in the animation \u2013 a north pole dominated by a central cyclone surrounded by eight circumpolar cyclones with diameters ranging from 2,500 to 2,900 miles (4,000 to 4,600 kilometers).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cBefore Juno, we could only guess what Jupiter\u2019s poles would look like,\u201d said Alberto Adriani, Juno co-investigator from the Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Rome. \u201cNow, with Juno flying over the poles at a close distance it permits the collection of infrared imagery on Jupiter\u2019s polar weather patterns and its massive cyclones in unprecedented spatial resolution.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Another Juno investigation discussed during the media briefing was the team\u2019s latest pursuit of the interior composition of the gas giant. One of the biggest pieces in its discovery has been understanding how Jupiter\u2019s deep interior rotates.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cPrior to Juno, we could not distinguish between extreme models of Jupiter\u2019s interior rotation, which all fitted the data collected by Earth-based observations and other deep space missions,\u201d said Tristan Guillot, a Juno co-investigator from the Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d&#8217;Azur, Nice, France. \u201cBut Juno is different &#8212; it orbits the planet from pole-to-pole and gets closer to Jupiter than any spacecraft ever before. Thanks to the amazing increase in accuracy brought by Juno\u2019s gravity data, we have essentially solved the issue of how Jupiter\u2019s interior rotates: The zones and belts that we see in the atmosphere rotating at different speeds extend to about 1,900 miles (3,000 kilometers).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cAt this point, hydrogen becomes conductive enough to be dragged into near-uniform rotation by the planet\u2019s powerful magnetic field.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The same data used to analyze Jupiter\u2019s rotation contain information on the planet\u2019s interior structure and composition. Not knowing the interior rotation was severely limiting the ability to probe the deep interior.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cNow our work can really begin in earnest &#8212; determining the interior composition of the solar system\u2019s largest planet,\u201d said Guillot.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>At the meeting, the mission\u2019s deputy-principal investigator, Jack Connerney of the Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, Maryland, presented the first detailed view of the dynamo, or engine, powering the magnetic field of Jupiter.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LPvfeOiKbm8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><em>NASA\u2019s Juno mission has provided the first view of the dynamo, or engine, powering Jupiter&#8217;s magnetic field. The new global portrait reveals unexpected irregularities and regions of surprising magnetic field intensity. Red areas show where magnetic field lines emerge from the planet, while blue areas show where they return. As Juno continues its mission, it will improve our understanding of Jupiter&#8217;s complex magnetic environment.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Connerney and colleagues produced the new magnetic field model from measurements made during eight orbits of Jupiter. From those, they derived maps of the magnetic field at the surface and in the region below the surface where the dynamo is thought to originate. Because Jupiter is a gas giant, \u201csurface\u201d is defined as one Jupiter radius, which is about 44,400 miles (71,450 kilometers).<\/p>\n<p>These maps provide an extraordinary advancement in current knowledge and will guide the science team in planning the spacecraft\u2019s remaining observations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cWe\u2019re finding that Jupiter\u2019s magnetic field is unlike anything previously imagined,\u201d said Connerney. \u201cJuno\u2019s investigations of the magnetic environment at Jupiter represent the beginning of a new era in the studies of planetary dynamos.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The map Connerney\u2019s team made of the dynamo source region revealed unexpected irregularities, regions of surprising magnetic field intensity, and that Jupiter\u2019s magnetic field is more complex in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. About halfway between the equator and the north pole lies an area where the magnetic field is intense and positive. It is flanked by areas that are less intense and negative. In the southern hemisphere, however, the magnetic field is consistently negative, becoming more and more intense from the equator to the pole.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers are still figuring out why they would see these differences in a rotating planet that\u2019s generally thought of as more-or-less fluid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cJuno is only about one third the way through its planed mapping mission and already we are beginning to discover hints on how Jupiter\u2019s dynamo works,\u201d said Connerney. \u201cThe team is really anxious to see the data from our remaining orbits.\u201d \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Juno has logged nearly 122 million miles (200 million kilometers) to complete those 11 science passes since entering Jupiter&#8217;s orbit on July 4, 2016. Juno&#8217;s 12th science pass will be on May 24.<\/p>\n<p>NASA&#8217;s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott Bolton, of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. Juno is part of NASA&#8217;s New Frontiers Program, which is managed at NASA&#8217;s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for NASA&#8217;s Science Mission Directorate. The Italian Space Agency (ASI), contributed two instruments, a Ka-band frequency translator (KaT) and the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM). Lockheed Martin Space, Denver, built the spacecraft.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/juno\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/juno<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.missionjuno.swri.edu\/\">https:\/\/www.missionjuno.swri.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The public can follow the mission on Facebook and Twitter at:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NASAJuno\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NASAJuno<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.twitter.com\/NASAJuno\">https:\/\/www.twitter.com\/NASAJuno<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More information on Jupiter can be found at:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/jupiter\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/jupiter<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Latest findings from NASA&#8217;s Juno probe orbiting Jupiter: NASA Juno Gives Infrared Tour of Jupiter\u2019s North Pole In this animation the viewer is taken low over Jupiter\u2019s north pole to illustrate the 3-D aspects of the region\u2019s central cyclone and the eight cyclones that encircle it. The movie utilizes imagery derived from data collected by &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15855\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Juno video: An infrared tour of Jupiter&#8217;s North Pole<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,13,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-et-al","category-space-science","category-space-systems"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-47J","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":15691,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15691","url_meta":{"origin":15855,"position":0},"title":"Juno: From Jupiter&#8217;s deep jet-streams to the equatorial twilight zone","author":"TopSpacer","date":"March 8, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"A couple of items from the Juno mission at Jupiter: NASA Juno Findings - Jupiter\u2019s Jet-Streams Are Unearthly https:\/\/youtu.be\/hF0UjhPSS3A For hundreds of years, this gaseous giant planet appeared shrouded in colorful bands of clouds extending from dusk to dawn, referred to as zones and belts. The bands were thought to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Gas giants Saturn, Jupiter, et al&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gas giants Saturn, Jupiter, et al","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=87"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/pia22336-161.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":16300,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=16300","url_meta":{"origin":15855,"position":1},"title":"Juno: The chaotic clouds of Jupiter","author":"TopSpacer","date":"June 28, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"These processed images of Jupiter from the Juno probe never get old. Here is a new one: Chaotic Clouds of Jupiter This image captures swirling cloud belts and tumultuous vortices within Jupiter\u2019s northern hemisphere. 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You can now play a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Gas giants Saturn, Jupiter, et al&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gas giants Saturn, Jupiter, et al","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=87"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/PIA21377_hires1-1024x815.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14415,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14415","url_meta":{"origin":15855,"position":4},"title":"First science from Juno at Jupiter","author":"TopSpacer","date":"May 25, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"NASA JPL is holding a live telecon at 2:00 pm EDT on the initial science results from the Juno probe in orbit around Jupiter: NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory invites you to watch live about everything from Mars rovers to monitoring asteroids to cool cosmic discoveries. 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Juno took this picture of Jupiter's Moons on June 21: Here\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Gas giants Saturn, Jupiter, et al&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gas giants Saturn, Jupiter, et al","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=87"},"img":{"alt_text":"pia16869[1]","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/pia168691-300x267.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15855"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15856,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15855\/revisions\/15856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}