An international team of scientists has used the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to study the atmosphere of the hot exoplanet WASP-39b. By combining this new data with older data they created the most complete study yet of an exoplanet atmosphere. The atmospheric composition of WASP-39b hints that the formation processes of exoplanets can be very different from those of our own Solar System giants.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe need to look outward to help us understand our own Solar System,\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n explains lead investigator Hannah Wakeford from the University of Exeter in the UK and the Space Telescope Science Institute in the USA.<\/p>\n Therefore the British-American team combined the capabilities of the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope with those of other ground- and space-based telescopes for a detailed study of the exoplanet WASP-39b. They have produced the most complete spectrum of an exoplanet\u2019s atmosphere possible with present-day technology\u00a0[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n WASP-39b is orbiting a Sun-like star, about 700 light-years from Earth. The exoplanet is classified as a \u201cHot-Saturn\u201d, reflecting both its mass being similar to the planet Saturn in our own Solar System and its proximity to its parent star. This study found that the two planets, despite having a similar mass, are profoundly different in many ways. Not only is WASP-39b not known to have a ring system, it also has a puffy atmosphere that is free of high-altitude clouds. This characteristic allowed Hubble to peer deep into its atmosphere.<\/p>\n \u201cWASP-39b shows exoplanets are full of surprises and can have very different compositions than those of our Solar System,\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n says co-author David Sing from the University of Exeter, UK.<\/p>\n The analysis of the atmospheric composition and the current position of the planet indicate that WASP-39b most likely underwent an interesting inward migration, making an epic journey across its planetary system.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u201cExoplanets are showing us that planet formation is more complicated and more confusing than we thought it was. And that\u2019s fantastic!\u201d,<\/em><\/p>\n adds Wakeford.<\/p>\n Having made its incredible inward journey WASP-39b is now eight times closer to its parent star, WASP-39, than Mercury is to the Sun and it takes only four days to complete an orbit. The planet is also\u00a0tidally locked<\/a>, meaning it always shows the same side to its star. Wakeford and her team measured the temperature of WASP-39b to be a scorching 750 degrees Celsius. Although only one side of the planet faces its parent star, powerful winds transport heat from the bright side around the planet, keeping the dark side almost as hot.<\/p>\n \u201cHopefully this diversity we see in exoplanets will help us figure out all the different ways a planet can form and evolve,\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n explains David Sing.<\/p>\n Looking ahead, the team wants to use the\u00a0NASA\/ESA\/CSA James Webb Space Telescope<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 scheduled to launch in 2019 \u2014 to capture an even more complete spectrum of the atmosphere of WASP-39b. James Webb will be able to collect data about the planet\u2019s atmospheric carbon, which absorbs light of longer wavelengths than Hubble can see\u00a0[3]<\/a>. Wakeford concludes:<\/p>\n \u201cBy calculating the amount of carbon and oxygen in the atmosphere, we can learn even more about where and how this planet formed.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/a>[1] Data used to produce the full spectrum was also collected by NASA\u2019s\u00a0Spitzer Space Telescope<\/a>\u00a0and ESO\u2019s\u00a0Very Large Telescope<\/a>. In addition older data from Hubble were used.<\/p>\n <\/a>[2] When starlight passes through the atmosphere of an exoplanet, it interacts with the atoms and molecules in it. This leaves a weak fingerprint of the atmosphere in the spectrum of the star. Certain peaks and troughs in the resulting spectrum correspond to specific atoms and molecules, allowing scientists to see exactly what gases make up the atmosphere.<\/p>\n <\/a>[3] Given the large amount of heavy elements in WASP-39b\u2019s atmosphere, Wakeford and her team predict that carbon dioxide will be the dominant form of carbon. This could be measured at a wavelength of 4.5 micrometres with James Webb\u2019s\u00a0NIRSpec instrument<\/a>. Such follow-up investigations would allow further constraints to be placed on the ratio of carbon to oxygen, and on the metallicity of WASP-39b\u2019s atmosphere.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" A new finding by the Hubble Telescope: Hubble observes exoplanet atmosphere in more detail than ever before An international team of scientists has used the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to study the atmosphere of the hot exoplanet WASP-39b. By combining this new data with older data they created the most complete study yet of an … Continue reading NASA\/ESA: Hubble observes more water in exoplanet atmosphere than expected<\/span> ![\"\"](\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/heic1804a1.jpg\")
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