{"id":15072,"date":"2017-10-16T11:57:06","date_gmt":"2017-10-16T15:57:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15072"},"modified":"2017-10-16T11:57:06","modified_gmt":"2017-10-16T15:57:06","slug":"hubble-source-of-gravitational-wave-observed-in-visible-light-for-the-first-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15072","title":{"rendered":"Hubble: Source of gravitational wave observed in visible light for the first time"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>An announcement from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hubble Space Telescope<\/a>\u00a0observatory:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/news\/heic1717\/?lang\" target=\"_d\"><strong>Hubble observes source of gravitational waves for the first time<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_15073\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15073\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/images\/heic1717a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15073\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=15073\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1717a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,748\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;NASA and ESA. Acknowledgment: A.&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;On 17 August 2017, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo Interferometer both detected gravitational waves from the collision between two neutron stars. Within 12 hours observatories had identified the source of the event within the lenticular galaxy NGC 4993, shown in this image gathered with the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The associated stellar flare, a kilonova, is clearly visible in the Hubble observations. This is the first time the optical counterpart of a gravitational wave event was observed. Hubble observed the kilonova gradually fading over the course of six days, as shown in these observations taken in between 22 and 28 August (insets).&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1508169600&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Hubble observes first kilonova&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hubble observes first kilonova\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;On 17 August 2017, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo Interferometer both detected gravitational waves from the collision between two neutron stars. Within 12 hours observatories had identified the source of the event within the lenticular galaxy NGC 4993, shown in this image gathered with the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The associated stellar flare, a kilonova, is clearly visible in the Hubble observations. This is the first time the optical counterpart of a gravitational wave event was observed. Hubble observed the kilonova gradually fading over the course of six days, as shown in these observations taken in between 22 and 28 August (insets).&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1717a1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-15073\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1717a1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1717a1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1717a1-281x300.jpg 281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15073\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>On 17 August 2017, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo Interferometer both detected gravitational waves from the collision between two neutron stars. Within 12 hours observatories had identified the source of the event within the lenticular galaxy NGC 4993, shown in this image gathered with the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The associated stellar flare, a kilonova, is clearly visible in the Hubble observations. This is the first time the optical counterpart of a gravitational wave event was observed. Hubble observed the kilonova gradually fading over the course of six days, as shown in these observations taken in between 22 and 28 August (insets). [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/images\/heic1717a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Larger images<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>The NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has observed for the first time the source of a gravitational wave, created by the merger of two neutron stars. This merger created a kilonova \u2014 an object predicted by theory decades ago \u2014 that ejects heavy elements such as gold and platinum into space. This event also provides the strongest evidence yet that short duration gamma-ray bursts are caused by mergers of neutron stars. This discovery is the first glimpse of multi-messenger astronomy, bringing together both gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tZSqBz32RuA?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>On 17 August 2017 the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ligo.caltech.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory<\/a>\u00a0(LIGO) and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ego-gw.it\/public\/about\/whatIs.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virgo Interferometer<\/a> both alerted astronomical observers all over the globe about the detection of a gravitational wave event named GW170817\u00a0<a href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a>. About two seconds after the detection of the gravitational wave,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sci.esa.int\/integral\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESA\u2019s INTEGRAL telescope<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u2019s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope<\/a>\u00a0observed a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gamma-ray_burst\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">short gamma-ray burst<\/a>\u00a0in the same direction.<\/p>\n<p>In the night following the initial discovery, a fleet of telescopes started their hunt to locate the source of the event. Astronomers found it in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenticular_galaxy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lenticular galaxy<\/a>\u00a0NGC 4993, about 130 million light-years away. A point of light was shining where nothing was visible before and this set off one of the largest multi-telescope observing campaigns ever \u2014 among these telescopes was the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"#2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_15074\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15074\" style=\"width: 520px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1717e1-e1508168664288.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15074\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=15074\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1717e1-e1508168664288.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"651,977\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;N. Tanvir et al.&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This plot shows how the spectrum and brightness of the kilonova seen in the galaxy NGC 4993 changed over 12 days following the detection of gravitational waves on 17 August 2017. In blue light the object faded rapidly, but at longer wavelengths, in the near infrared part of the spectrum, it brightened a little and then faded much more slowly. As a result this object changed colour from very blue to very red during this period. Each line is labeled with the number of days since the explosion and the horizontal axis is the colour of the light, from ultraviolet to near-infrared. The colours of the lines indicate the overall colour of the object at the different times.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1508169600&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The changing brightness and colour of the kilonova seen in NGC 4&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The changing brightness and colour of the kilonova seen in NGC 4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This plot shows how the spectrum and brightness of the kilonova seen in the galaxy NGC 4993 changed over 12 days following the detection of gravitational waves on 17 August 2017. In blue light the object faded rapidly, but at longer wavelengths, in the near infrared part of the spectrum, it brightened a little and then faded much more slowly. As a result this object changed colour from very blue to very red during this period. Each line is labeled with the number of days since the explosion and the horizontal axis is the colour of the light, from ultraviolet to near-infrared. The colours of the lines indicate the overall colour of the object at the different times.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1717e1-649x1024.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-15074\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1717e1-e1508168664288.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"820\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15074\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This plot shows how the spectrum and brightness of the kilonova seen in the galaxy NGC 4993 changed over 12 days following the detection of gravitational waves on 17 August 2017. In blue light the object faded rapidly, but at longer wavelengths, in the near infrared part of the spectrum, it brightened a little and then faded much more slowly. As a result this object changed colour from very blue to very red during this period. Each line is labeled with the number of days since the explosion and the horizontal axis is the colour of the light, from ultraviolet to near-infrared. The colours of the lines indicate the overall colour of the object at the different times. [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/images\/heic1717e\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Larger versions<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Several different teams of scientists used Hubble over the two weeks following the gravitational wave event alert to observe NGC 4993. Using Hubble\u2019s high-resolution imaging capabilities they managed to get the first observational proof for a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kilonova\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kilonova<\/a>, the visible counterpart of the merging of two extremely dense objects \u2014 most likely two\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neutron_star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neutron stars<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a>. Such mergers were first suggested more than 30 years ago but this marks the first firm observation of such an event\u00a0<a href=\"#4\">[4]<\/a>. The distance to the merger makes the source both the closest gravitational wave event detected so far and also one of the closest gamma-ray burst sources ever seen.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>Once I saw that there had been a trigger from LIGO and Virgo at the same time as a gamma-ray burst I was blown away,<\/em>\u201d recalls Andrew Levan of the University of Warwick, who led the Hubble team that obtained the first observations. \u201c<em>When I realised that it looked like neutron stars were involved, I was even more amazed. We\u2019ve been waiting a long time for an opportunity like this!<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Hubble captured images of the galaxy in visible and infrared light, witnessing a new bright object within NGC 4993 that was brighter than a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nova\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nova<\/a>\u00a0but fainter than a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supernova\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">supernova<\/a>. The images showed that the object faded noticeably over the six days of the Hubble observations. Using Hubble\u2019s spectroscopic capabilities the teams also found indications of material being ejected by the kilonova as fast as one-fifth of the speed of light.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>It was surprising just how closely the behaviour of the kilonova matched the predictions,<\/em>\u201d said Nial Tanvir, professor at the University of Leicester and leader of another Hubble observing team. \u201c<em>It looked nothing like known supernovae, which this object could have been, and so confidence was soon very high that this was the real deal<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Connecting kilonovae and short gamma-ray bursts to neutron star mergers has so far been difficult, but the multitude of detailed observations following the detection of the gravitational wave event GW170817 has now finally verified these connections.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>The spectrum of the kilonova looked exactly like how theoretical physicists had predicted the outcome of the merger of two neutron stars would appear,<\/em>\u201d says Levan. \u201c<em>It ties this object to the gravitational wave source beyond all reasonable doubt.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The infrared spectra taken with Hubble also showed several broad bumps and wiggles that signal the formation of some of the heaviest elements in nature. These observations may help solve another long-standing question in astronomy: the origin of heavy chemical elements, like gold and platinum\u00a0<a href=\"#5\">[5]<\/a>. In the merger of two neutron stars, the conditions appear just right for their production.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bBCArmUPgCw?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The implications of these observations are immense. As Tanvir explains:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>This discovery has opened up a new approach to astronomical research, where we combine information from both electromagnetic light and from gravitational waves. We call this multi-messenger astronomy \u2014 but until now it has just been a dream!<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Levan concludes:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>Now, astronomers won\u2019t just look at the light from an object, as we\u2019ve done for hundreds of years, but also listen to it. Gravitational waves provide us with complementary information from objects which are very hard to study using only electromagnetic waves. So pairing gravitational waves with electromagnetic radiation will help astronomers understand some of the most extreme events in the Universe.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-15072-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/static\/archives\/videos\/medium_podcast\/heic1717c.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/static\/archives\/videos\/medium_podcast\/heic1717c.mp4\">http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/static\/archives\/videos\/medium_podcast\/heic1717c.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p><b>Notes<\/b><br \/>\n<a class=\"anchor\" name=\"1\"><\/a>[1] The ripples in spacetime known as gravitational waves are created by moving masses, but only the most intense waves, created by rapid speed changes of very massive objects, can be detected by the current generation of detectors. Gravitational waves detectable from Earth are generated by collisions of massive objects, such as when two black holes or neutron stars merge.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"2\"><\/a>[2] Next to Hubble, ESO\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Very Large Telescope<\/a>, ESO\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/lasilla\/ntt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Technology Telescope<\/a>, ESO\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/surveytelescopes\/vst\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VLT Survey Telescope<\/a>, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/lasilla\/mpg22\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MPG\/ESO 2.2-metre telescope<\/a>, the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/alma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array<\/a>, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/surveytelescopes\/vista\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy<\/a>, the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/lasilla\/rem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rapid Eye Mount (REM)<\/a>\u00a0telescope, the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/obs.carnegiescience.edu\/swope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Swope Telescope<\/a>, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lco.global\/observatory\/0.4m\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LCO .4-meter telescope<\/a>, the American\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ctio.noao.edu\/noao\/node\/1033\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DECcam<\/a>, and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/panstarrs.stsci.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pan-STAARS<\/a>\u00a0survey all helped to identify and observe the event and its after-effects over a wide range of wavelengths.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"3\"><\/a>[3] A neutron star forms when the core of a massive star (above eight times the mass of the Sun) collapses. This process is so violent that it crushes protons and electrons together to form subatomic particles called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neutron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neutrons<\/a>. They are supported against further collapse only by<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Degenerate_matter#Neutron_degeneracy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0neutron degeneracy pressure<\/a>. This makes neutron stars the smallest and densest stars known.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"4\"><\/a>[4] In 2013 astronomers\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hubblesite.org\/news_release\/news\/2013-29\/107-illustrations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published results<\/a>\u00a0on the evidence for a kilonova, associated with a short gamma-ray burst. The observations in 2013 were far less conclusive, and hence more controversial, than the new results.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"5\"><\/a>[5] These observations pin down the formation of elements heavier than iron through nuclear reactions within high-density stellar objects, known as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R-process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">r-process nucleosynthesis<\/a>, something which was only theorised before.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">====<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"\/\/rcm-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/cm?o=1&amp;p=12&amp;l=ur1&amp;category=mp3&amp;f=ifr&amp;linkID=e925371d9a71da991024e906063e8170&amp;t=hobbyspace&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An announcement from\u00a0Hubble Space Telescope\u00a0observatory: Hubble observes source of gravitational waves for the first time The NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has observed for the first time the source of a gravitational wave, created by the merger of two neutron stars. This merger created a kilonova \u2014 an object predicted by theory decades ago \u2014 that &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15072\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Hubble: Source of gravitational wave observed in visible light for the first time<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-3V6","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":18554,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=18554","url_meta":{"origin":15072,"position":0},"title":"Space sciences roundup &#8211; April.24.2019","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 24, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"A sampling of recent articles, videos, and images from space-related science news items: ** The InSight Mars Lander detects its first Marsquake using the seismometer set on the ground next to the spacecraft: NASA\u2019s InSight Lander Captures Audio of First Likely \u2018Quake\u2019 on Mars | NASA Listen up: We\u2019ve detected\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Asteroids &amp; Comets&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Asteroids &amp; Comets","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=75"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/19-0321-300x300.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":12921,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12921","url_meta":{"origin":15072,"position":1},"title":"Hubble studies galactic cluster whose gravitation magnifies other more distant galaxies","author":"TopSpacer","date":"July 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the\u00a0Hubble space observatory: Space... the final frontier Fifty years ago Captain Kirk and the crew of the starship Enterprise began their journey into space \u2014 the final frontier. Now, as the newest Star Trek film hits cinemas, the NASA\/ESA Hubble space telescope is also exploring new\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"Abell S1063, a galaxy cluster, was observed by the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Frontier Fields programme. The huge mass of the cluster acts as a cosmic magnifying glass and enlarges even more distant galaxies, so they become bright enough for Hubble to see.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":16266,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=16266","url_meta":{"origin":15072,"position":2},"title":"ESO: Hubble and VLT do most precise test yet of General Relativity at galactic scale","author":"TopSpacer","date":"June 21, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from ESO (European Southern Observatory): VLT Makes Most Precise Test of Einstein\u2019s General Relativity Outside Milky Way\u00a0 Astronomers using the MUSE instrument on ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, and the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, have made the most precise test yet of Einstein\u2019s general theory of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1819a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15797,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15797","url_meta":{"origin":15072,"position":3},"title":"Cosmic lens allows Hubble to discover the most distant star ever seen","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 2, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"A new finding with the Hubble Telescope: Hubble uses cosmic lens to discover most distant star ever observed Astronomers using the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have found the most distant star ever discovered. The hot blue star existed only 4.4 billion years after the Big Bang. This discovery provides new\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/heic1807a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15112,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15112","url_meta":{"origin":15072,"position":4},"title":"Hubble: &#8220;Wobbling galaxies&#8221; inconsistent with standard model of dark matter","author":"TopSpacer","date":"October 26, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the Hubble Space Telescope collaboration: Hubble discovers \u201cwobbling galaxies\u201d\u00a0 Observations may hint at nature of dark matter Using the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have discovered that the brightest galaxies within galaxy clusters \u201cwobble\u201d relative to the cluster\u2019s centre of mass. This unexpected result is inconsistent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1615a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14244,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14244","url_meta":{"origin":15072,"position":5},"title":"Hubble sees first gravitationally lensed &#8220;standard candle&#8221; supernova","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 20, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A galaxy or other massive object can bend light. Light from a star far beyond and behind such an object from our point of view can be bent just like light going through a lens. This lens effect can result in multiple views of the same star. This gravitational lens\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/heic1710a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15072"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15072\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15075,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15072\/revisions\/15075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}