{"id":14764,"date":"2017-08-16T13:00:39","date_gmt":"2017-08-16T17:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14764"},"modified":"2017-08-17T17:14:26","modified_gmt":"2017-08-17T21:14:26","slug":"eso-supermassive-black-holes-feed-on-cosmic-jellyfish","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14764","title":{"rendered":"ESO: Supermassive Black Holes Feed on Cosmic Jellyfish"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The lastest report from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ESO<\/a> (European Southern Observatory):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1725\/?lang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supermassive Black Holes Feed on Cosmic Jellyfish<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_14765\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14765\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1725a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14765\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=14765\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725a1-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,679\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/GASP collaboration&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Observations of \\u201cJellyfish galaxies\\u201d with ESO\\u2019s Very Large Telescope  have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes.  It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn  stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for  the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black  hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly. This  picture of one of the galaxies, nicknamed JO204, from the MUSE  instrument on ESO\\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, shows clearly how  material is streaming out of the galaxy in long tendrils to the  lower-left. Red shows the glow from ionised hydrogen gas and the whiter  regions are where most of the stars in the galaxy are located. Some more  distant galaxies are also visible.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1502910000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Example of a jellyfish galaxy&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Example of a jellyfish galaxy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Observations of \u201cJellyfish galaxies\u201d with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope  have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes.  It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn  stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for  the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black  hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly. This  picture of one of the galaxies, nicknamed JO204, from the MUSE  instrument on ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, shows clearly how  material is streaming out of the galaxy in long tendrils to the  lower-left. Red shows the glow from ionised hydrogen gas and the whiter  regions are where most of the stars in the galaxy are located. Some more  distant galaxies are also visible.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725a1-1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-14765\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725a1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725a1-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725a1-1-300x291.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14765\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Observations of \u201cJellyfish galaxies\u201d with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly. This picture of one of the galaxies, nicknamed JO204, from the MUSE instrument on ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, shows clearly how material is streaming out of the galaxy in long tendrils to the lower-left. Red shows the glow from ionised hydrogen gas and the whiter regions are where most of the stars in the galaxy are located. Some more distant galaxies are also visible. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1725a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Larger images<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Observations of \u201cJellyfish galaxies\u201d with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly. The results appeared today in the journal Nature.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TnHXFCiDeIs?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>Observations of \u201cJellyfish galaxies\u201d with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly.\u00a0This quick video explains the main points.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>An Italian-led team of astronomers used the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/vlt-instr\/muse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MUSE<\/a>\u00a0(Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) instrument on the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Very Large Telescope<\/a>\u00a0(VLT) at ESO\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paranal Observatory<\/a>\u00a0in Chile to study how gas can be stripped from galaxies. They focused on extreme examples of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jellyfish_galaxy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jellyfish galaxies<\/a>\u00a0in nearby galaxy clusters, named after the remarkable long \u201ctentacles\u201d of material that extend for tens of thousands of light-years beyond their galactic discs\u00a0<a href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a><a href=\"#2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_14766\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14766\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1725b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14766\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=14766\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725b1-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,689\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/GASP collaboration&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Observations of \\u201cJellyfish galaxies\\u201d with ESO\\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly.This picture of one of the galaxies, nicknamed JW100, from the MUSE instrument on ESO\\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, shows clearly how material is streaming out of the galaxy in long tendrils. Red shows the glow from ionised hydrogen gas and the whiter regions are where most of the stars in the galaxy are located.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1502910000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Example of a jellyfish galaxy&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Example of a jellyfish galaxy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Observations of \u201cJellyfish galaxies\u201d with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly.This picture of one of the galaxies, nicknamed JW100, from the MUSE instrument on ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, shows clearly how material is streaming out of the galaxy in long tendrils. Red shows the glow from ionised hydrogen gas and the whiter regions are where most of the stars in the galaxy are located.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725b1-1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-14766\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725b1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725b1-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725b1-1-300x295.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14766\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Observations of \u201cJellyfish galaxies\u201d with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly.This picture of one of the galaxies, nicknamed JW100, from the MUSE instrument on ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, shows clearly how material is streaming out of the galaxy in long tendrils. Red shows the glow from ionised hydrogen gas and the whiter regions are where most of the stars in the galaxy are located. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1725b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Larger images<\/a>.]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>The tentacles of jellyfish galaxies are produced in galaxy clusters by a process called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ram_pressure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ram pressure stripping<\/a>. Their mutual gravitational attraction causes galaxies to fall at high speed into galaxy clusters, where they encounter a hot, dense gas which acts like a powerful wind, forcing tails of gas out of the galaxy\u2019s disc and triggering\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Starburst_region\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">starbursts<\/a>\u00a0within it.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oC9kYgSRqGk?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>This visualisation shows a jellyfish galaxy in the three-dimensional view of the MUSE instrument on ESO&#8217;s Very Large Telescope. This combines the normal two-dimensional view with the third dimension of wavelength. This galaxy has undergone jam pressure stripping as it moves rapidly into the hot gas in a galaxy cluster, and streamers of gas and young stars are trailing behind it. These show up as the tentacles extending away from the galaxy as they have different velocities.\u00a0A 3D interactive view of this galaxy is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/products\/models3d\/JW100\/\">available<\/a>.\u00a0Credit: ESO\/Callum Bellhouse and the GASP collaboration<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14767\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14767\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1725d\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14767\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=14767\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725d1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,355\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/GASP collaboration&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Observations of \\u201cJellyfish galaxies\\u201d with ESO\\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly.This picture of one of the galaxies, nicknamed JW206, from the MUSE instrument on ESO\\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, shows clearly how material is streaming out of the galaxy in long tendrils. Red shows the glow from ionised hydrogen gas and the whiter regions are where most of the stars in the galaxy are located.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1502910000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Example of a jellyfish galaxy&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Example of a jellyfish galaxy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Observations of \u201cJellyfish galaxies\u201d with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly.This picture of one of the galaxies, nicknamed JW206, from the MUSE instrument on ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, shows clearly how material is streaming out of the galaxy in long tendrils. Red shows the glow from ionised hydrogen gas and the whiter regions are where most of the stars in the galaxy are located.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725d1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-14767\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725d1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725d1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725d1-300x152.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Observations of \u201cJellyfish galaxies\u201d with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also makes it possible for the gas to reach the central regions of the galaxies, feeding the black hole that lurks in each of them and causing it to shine brilliantly.This picture of one of the galaxies, nicknamed JW206, from the MUSE instrument on ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope in Chile, shows clearly how material is streaming out of the galaxy in long tendrils. Red shows the glow from ionised hydrogen gas and the whiter regions are where most of the stars in the galaxy are located. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1725d\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Larger images<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Six out of the seven jellyfish galaxies in the study were found to host a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermassive_black_hole\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">supermassive black hole<\/a>\u00a0at the centre, feeding on the surrounding gas\u00a0<a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a>. This fraction is unexpectedly high \u2014 among galaxies in general the fraction is less than one in ten.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>This strong link between ram pressure stripping and active black holes was not predicted and has never been reported before<\/em>,\u201d said team leader Bianca Poggianti from the INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova in Italy. \u201c<em>It seems that the central black hole is being fed because some of the gas, rather than being removed, reaches the galaxy centre<\/em>.\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"#4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-14764-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.eso.org\/videos\/medium_podcast\/eso1725c.m4v?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.eso.org\/videos\/medium_podcast\/eso1725c.m4v\">https:\/\/cdn.eso.org\/videos\/medium_podcast\/eso1725c.m4v<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>This artist&#8217;s illustration shows a spiral galaxy falling into a galaxy cluster. The galaxy is undergoing a process known as ram pressure stripping, where streaks of bright gas are being dragged out into space by the diffuse hot gas that it is moving through.\u00a0Credit:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/\">NASA<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/\">ESA<\/a>, and M. Kornmesser Acknowledgements: Ming Sun (UAH) and Serge Meunier<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A long-standing question is why only a small fraction of supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies are active. Supermassive black holes are present in almost all galaxies, so why are only a few accreting matter and shining brightly? These results reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which the black holes can be fed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Yara Jaff\u00e9, an ESO fellow who contributed to the paper explains the significance: \u201c<em>These MUSE observations suggest a novel mechanism for gas to be funnelled towards the black hole\u2019s neighbourhood. This result is important because it provides a new piece in the puzzle of the poorly understood connections between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The current observations are part of a much more extensive study of many more jellyfish galaxies that is currently in progress.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>This survey, when completed, will reveal how many, and which, gas-rich galaxies entering clusters go through a period of increased activity at their cores,<\/em>\u201d concludes Poggianti. \u201c<em>A long-standing puzzle in astronomy has been to understand how galaxies form and change in our expanding and evolving Universe. Jellyfish galaxies are a key to understanding galaxy evolution as they are galaxies caught in the middle of a dramatic transformation.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RQZYBlDJGdM?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>This visualisation shows a jellyfish galaxy in the three-dimensional view of the MUSE instrument on ESO&#8217;s Very Large Telescope. This combines the normal two-dimensional view with the third dimension of wavelength. This galaxy has undergone ram pressure stripping as it moves rapidly into the hot gas in a galaxy cluster, and streamers of gas and young stars are trailing behind it. These show up as the tentacles extending away from the galaxy as they have different velocities.\u00a0A 3D interactive view of this galaxy is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/products\/models3d\/JO175\/\">available<\/a>.\u00a0Credit:\u00a0ESO\/Callum Bellhouse and the GASP collaboration<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"1\"><\/a>[1] To date, just over 400 candidate jellyfish galaxies have been found.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"2\"><\/a>[2] The results were produced as part of the observational programme known as\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/web.oapd.inaf.it\/gasp\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GASP (GAs Stripping Phenomena in galaxies with MUSE)<\/a>, which is an ESO Large Programme aimed at studying where, how and why gas can be removed from galaxies. GASP is obtaining deep, detailed MUSE data for 114 galaxies in various environments, specifically targeting jellyfish galaxies. Observations are currently in progress.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"3\"><\/a>[3] It is well established that almost every, if not every, galaxy hosts a supermassive black hole at its centre, between a few million and a few billion times as massive as our Sun. When a black hole pulls in matter from its surroundings, it emits electromagnetic energy, giving rise to some of the most energetic of astrophysical phenomena: active galactic nuclei (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Active_galactic_nucleus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AGN<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"4\"><\/a>[4] The team also investigated the alternative explanation that the central AGN activity contributes to stripping gas from the galaxies, but considered it less likely. Inside the galaxy cluster, the jellyfish galaxies are located in a zone where the hot, dense gas of the intergalactic medium is particularly likely to create the galaxy\u2019s long tentacles, reducing the possibility that they are created by AGN activity. There is therefore stronger evidence that ram pressure triggers the AGN and not vice versa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The lastest report from ESO (European Southern Observatory): Supermassive Black Holes Feed on Cosmic Jellyfish Observations of \u201cJellyfish galaxies\u201d with ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed a previously unknown way to fuel supermassive black holes. It seems the mechanism that produces the tentacles of gas and newborn stars that give these galaxies their nickname also &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14764\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ESO: Supermassive Black Holes Feed on Cosmic Jellyfish<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-3Q8","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":22852,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=22852","url_meta":{"origin":14764,"position":0},"title":"ESO: Galaxies observed surrounding a supermassive black hole in early universe","author":"TopSpacer","date":"October 1, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from ESO (European Southern Observatory): ESO telescope spots galaxies trapped in the web of a supermassive black hole With the help of ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope (VLT), astronomers have found six galaxies lying around a supermassive black hole when the Universe was less than a billion years\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/eso2016a1-500x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":20581,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=20581","url_meta":{"origin":14764,"position":1},"title":"ESO: VLT spots gas halos that fed black holes in earliest galaxies","author":"TopSpacer","date":"December 19, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"A new ESO (European Southern Observatory) report: ESO Observations Reveal Black Holes' Breakfast at the Cosmic Dawn Astronomers using ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have observed reservoirs of cool gas around some of the earliest galaxies in the Universe. These gas halos are the perfect food for supermassive black holes at\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eso1921a1-500x419.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":12741,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12741","url_meta":{"origin":14764,"position":2},"title":"ESO: Intergalactic gas clouds pulled towards supermassive black hole","author":"TopSpacer","date":"June 8, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from\u00a0ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory: Black Hole Fed by Cold Intergalactic Deluge An international team of astronomers using the Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has witnessed a cosmic weather event that has never been seen before \u2014 a cluster of towering intergalactic gas clouds raining in on the supermassive\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"The cosmic weather report, as illustrated in this artist\u2019s concept, calls for condensing clouds of cold molecular gas around the Abell 2597 Brightest Cluster Galaxy. The clouds condense out of the hot, ionised gas that suffuses the space between the galaxies in this cluster. New ALMA data show that these clouds are raining in on the galaxy, plunging toward the supermassive black hole at its centre.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/eso1618a1-768x1024.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14863,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14863","url_meta":{"origin":14764,"position":3},"title":"Carnival of Space #525 &#8211; Everyday Spacer Blog","author":"TopSpacer","date":"September 4, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Everyday Spacer hosts the latest Carnival of Space. \u00a0 \u00a0","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/eso1725a1-1-300x291.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14107,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14107","url_meta":{"origin":14764,"position":4},"title":"ESO: Stars forming in outflows from supermassive black holes","author":"TopSpacer","date":"March 27, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from\u00a0ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory): Stars Born in Winds from Supermassive Black Holes Observations using ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope have revealed stars forming within powerful outflows of material blasted out from supermassive black holes at the cores of galaxies. These are the first confirmed observations of stars forming in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/eso1710a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":24720,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=24720","url_meta":{"origin":14764,"position":5},"title":"ESO: VLT uncovers closest pair of supermassive black holes yet found","author":"TopSpacer","date":"November 30, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from \u00a0ESO (European Southern Observatory): ESO telescope uncovers closest pair of supermassive black holes yet Using the European Southern Observatory\u2019s Very Large Telescope (ESO\u2019s VLT), astronomers have revealed the closest pair of supermassive black holes to Earth ever observed. 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