{"id":14470,"date":"2017-06-08T06:00:03","date_gmt":"2017-06-08T10:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14470"},"modified":"2017-06-08T02:01:28","modified_gmt":"2017-06-08T06:01:28","slug":"eso","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14470","title":{"rendered":"ESO: ALMA spots an ingredient for life in infant Sun-like star systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A new discovery by\u00a0\u00a0the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ESO<\/a>\u00a0(European Southern Observatory):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1718\/?lang\" target=\"_d\">ALMA Finds Ingredient of Life Around Infant Sun-like Stars <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ALMA has observed stars like the Sun at a very early stage in their formation and found traces of methyl isocyanate \u2014 a chemical building block of life. This is the first ever detection of this prebiotic molecule towards solar-type protostars, the sort from which our Solar System evolved. The discovery could help astronomers understand how life arose on Earth.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_14471\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14471\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1718a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14471\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=14471\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1718a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,700\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/Digitized Sky Survey 2\/L. Ca&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;ALMA has observed stars like the Sun at a very early stage in their formation and found traces of methyl isocyanate \\u2014 a chemical building block of life. This is the first ever detection of this prebiotic molecule towards a solar-type protostar, the sort from which our Solar System evolved. The discovery could help astronomers understand how life arose on Earth. This image shows the spectacular region of star formation where methyl isocyanate was found. The insert shows the molecular structure of this chemical.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1496923200&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;ALMA detects methyl isocyanate around young Sun-like stars&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ALMA detects methyl isocyanate around young Sun-like stars\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;ALMA has observed stars like the Sun at a very early stage in their formation and found traces of methyl isocyanate \u2014 a chemical building block of life. This is the first ever detection of this prebiotic molecule towards a solar-type protostar, the sort from which our Solar System evolved. The discovery could help astronomers understand how life arose on Earth. This image shows the spectacular region of star formation where methyl isocyanate was found. The insert shows the molecular structure of this chemical.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1718a1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-14471\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1718a1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1718a1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1718a1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1718a1-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14471\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>ALMA has observed stars like the Sun at a very early stage in their formation and found traces of methyl isocyanate \u2014 a chemical building block of life. This is the first ever detection of this prebiotic molecule towards a solar-type protostar, the sort from which our Solar System evolved. The discovery could help astronomers understand how life arose on Earth. This image shows the spectacular region of star formation where methyl isocyanate was found. The insert shows the molecular structure of this chemical. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1718a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Larger image<\/a>.]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Two teams of astronomers have harnessed the power of the <a href=\"http:\/\/eso.org\/alma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array<\/a> (ALMA) in Chile to detect the prebiotic complex organic molecule <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methyl_isocyanate\">methyl isocyanate<\/a> <a href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a> in the multiple star system <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRAS_16293-2422\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IRAS 16293-2422<\/a>. One team was co-led by Rafael Mart\u00edn-Dom\u00e9nech at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cab.inta.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centro de Astrobiolog\u00eda<\/a> in Madrid, Spain, and V\u00edctor M. Rivilla, at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arcetri.astro.it\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri<\/a> in Florence, Italy; and the other by Niels Ligterink at the <a href=\"https:\/\/local.strw.leidenuniv.nl\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leiden Observatory<\/a> in the Netherlands and Audrey Coutens at University College London, United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/egw61-Ed0EM?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\u00a0Niels Ligterink and Audrey Coutens explain]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cThis star system seems to keep on giving! Following the discovery of sugars, we\u2019ve now found methyl isocyanate. This family of organic molecules is involved in the synthesis of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peptide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">peptides<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amino_acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">amino acids<\/a>, which, in the form of proteins, are the biological basis for life as we know it\u201d \u00a0<a href=\"#2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>ALMA\u2019s capabilities allowed both teams to observe the molecule at several different and characteristic wavelengths across the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">radio spectrum<\/a> <a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a>. They found the unique chemical fingerprints located in the warm, dense inner regions of the cocoon of dust and gas surrounding young stars in their earliest stages of evolution. Each team identified and isolated the signatures of the complex organic molecule methyl isocyanate <a href=\"lang#4\">[4]<\/a>. They then followed this up with computer chemical modelling and laboratory experiments to refine our understanding of the molecule\u2019s origin <a href=\"#5\">[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRAS_16293-2422\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IRAS 16293-2422<\/a> is a multiple system of very young stars, around 400 light-years away in a large star-forming region called <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rho_Ophiuchi_cloud_complex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rho Ophiuchi<\/a> in the constellation of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ophiuchus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ophiuchus<\/a> (<em>The Serpent Bearer<\/em>). The new results from ALMA show that methyl isocyanate gas surrounds each of these young stars.<\/p>\n<p>Earth and the other planets in our Solar System formed from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protoplanetary_disk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">material<\/a> left over after the formation of the Sun. Studying solar-type protostars can therefore open a window to the past for astronomers and allow them to observe conditions similar to those that led to the formation of our Solar System over 4.5 billion years ago.<\/p>\n<p>Rafael Mart\u00edn-Dom\u00e9nech and V\u00edctor M. Rivilla, lead authors of one of the papers, comment:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cWe are particularly excited about the result because these protostars are very similar to the Sun at the beginning of its lifetime, with the sort of conditions that are well suited for Earth-sized planets to form. By finding prebiotic molecules in this study, we may now have another piece of the puzzle in understanding how life came about on our planet.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Niels Ligterink is delighted with the supporting laboratory results:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>&#8220;Besides detecting molecules we also want to understand how they are formed. Our laboratory experiments show that methyl isocyanate can indeed be produced on icy particles under very cold conditions that are similar to those in interstellar space This implies that this molecule \u2014 and thus the basis for peptide bonds \u2014 is indeed likely to be present near most new young solar-type stars.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_14472\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14472\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1604d\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14472\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=14472\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1604d1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,700\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/Digitized Sky Survey 2 Ackno&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This wide-field view shows a spectacular region of dark and bright clouds, forming part of a region of star formation in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent Bearer). This picture was created from images in the Digitized Sky Survey 2.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1454500800&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The Rho Ophiuchi star formation region in the constellation of O&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Rho Ophiuchi star formation region in the constellation of O\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This wide-field view shows a spectacular region of dark and bright clouds, forming part of a region of star formation in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent Bearer). This picture was created from images in the Digitized Sky Survey 2.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1604d1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-14472\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1604d1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1604d1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1604d1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/eso1604d1-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14472\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This wide-field view shows a spectacular region of dark and bright clouds, forming part of a region of star formation in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent Bearer). This picture was created from images in the Digitized Sky Survey 2. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1604d\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Larger image<\/a>.]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a>[1] A complex organic molecule is defined in astrochemistry as consisting of six or more atoms, where at least one of the atoms is carbon. Methyl isocyanate contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the chemical configuration CH3NCO. This very toxic substance was the main cause of death following the tragic <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bhopal_disaster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bhopal industrial accident<\/a> in 1984.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a>[2] \u00a0The system was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1234\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously studied<\/a> by ALMA in 2012 and found to contain molecules of the simple sugar <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glycolaldehyde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">glycolaldehyde<\/a>, another ingredient for life.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a>[3] The team led by Rafael Mart\u00edn-Dom\u00e9nech used new and archive data of the protostar taken across a large range of wavelengths across ALMA\u2019s receiver Bands 3, 4 and 6. Niels Ligterink and his colleagues used data from the ALMA <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1607.08733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey<\/a> (PILS), which aims to chart the chemical complexity of IRAS 16293-2422 by imaging the full wavelength range covered by ALMA&#8217;s Band 7 on very small scales, equivalent to the size of our Solar System.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a>[4] The teams carried out spectrographic analysis of the protostar\u2019s light to determine the chemical constituents. The amount of methyl isocyanate they detected \u2014 the abundance \u2014 with respect to molecular hydrogen and other tracers is comparable to previous detections around two high-mass protostars (i.e. within the massive hot molecular cores of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kleinmann-Low_nebula\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Orion KL<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sagittarius_B2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sagittarius B2<\/a> North).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"5\"><\/a>[5] Mart\u00edn-Dom\u00e9nech\u2019s team chemically modelled gas-grain formation of methyl isocyanate. The observed amount of the molecule could be explained by chemistry on the surface of dust grains in space, followed by chemical reactions in the gas phase. Moreover, Ligterink&#8217;s team demonstrated that the molecule can be formed at extremely cold interstellar temperatures, down to 15 Kelvin (\u2013258 degrees Celsius), using cryogenic ultra-high-vacuum experiments in their laboratory in Leiden.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">====<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"\/\/rcm-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/cm?o=1&amp;p=12&amp;l=ur1&amp;category=amzn_basics_elctnics&amp;banner=10PFV81ZPVCWKXE6S9G2&amp;f=ifr&amp;linkID=caaa70725fb7c5b929777e8413b07b34&amp;t=hobbyspace&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new discovery by\u00a0\u00a0the\u00a0ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory): ALMA Finds Ingredient of Life Around Infant Sun-like Stars ALMA has observed stars like the Sun at a very early stage in their formation and found traces of methyl isocyanate \u2014 a chemical building block of life. This is the first ever detection of this prebiotic molecule towards solar-type &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14470\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ESO: ALMA spots an ingredient for life in infant Sun-like star systems<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy","category-exoplanets"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/s34aWK-eso","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":27564,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=27564","url_meta":{"origin":14470,"position":0},"title":"ESO: Observing the dawn of a new solar system","author":"TopSpacer","date":"July 16, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from the European Southern Observatory (ESO): For the first time, astronomers witness the dawn of a new solar system International researchers have, for the first time, pinpointed the moment when planets began to form around a star beyond the Sun. Using the ALMA telescope, in which the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/eso2512a1-500x500.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14022,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14022","url_meta":{"origin":14470,"position":1},"title":"ESO: ALMA observes galaxy formed when the universe was very young","author":"TopSpacer","date":"March 8, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from\u00a0ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory): Ancient Stardust Sheds Light on the First Stars Most distant object ever observed by ALMA Astronomers have used ALMA to detect a huge mass of glowing stardust in a galaxy seen when the Universe was only four percent of its present age. This galaxy\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/eso1708a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":16131,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=16131","url_meta":{"origin":14470,"position":2},"title":"ESO: Starburst galaxies found with many more massive stars than expected","author":"TopSpacer","date":"June 4, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from\u00a0ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory): ALMA and VLT Find Too Many Massive Stars in Starburst Galaxies, Near and Far Astronomers using ALMA and the VLT have discovered that both starburst galaxies in the early Universe and a star-forming region in a nearby galaxy contain a much higher proportion of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/eso1817a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":12882,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12882","url_meta":{"origin":14470,"position":3},"title":"ESO: Young star&#8217;s outburst pushes protoplanetary disc snow line outward","author":"TopSpacer","date":"July 13, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory) releases another report this week: Stellar Outburst Brings Water Snow Line Into View\u00a0 The Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has made the first ever resolved observation of a water snow line within a protoplanetary disc. 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