{"id":13949,"date":"2017-02-22T13:00:02","date_gmt":"2017-02-22T18:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13949"},"modified":"2017-02-21T14:44:17","modified_gmt":"2017-02-21T19:44:17","slug":"13949","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13949","title":{"rendered":"ESO: 7 Earth-sized worlds found in dwarf star system &#8211; 3 in habitable zone"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">ESO<\/a>\u00a0makes a big announcement about a dwarf star with lots of earth-sized planets:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1706\/?lang\" target=\"_blank\">Ultracool Dwarf and the Seven Planets<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Temperate Earth-sized Worlds Found in<br \/>\nExtraordinarily Rich Planetary System<\/em><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13950\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13950\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706a\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13950\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13950\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/M. Kornmesser\/spaceengine.or&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This artist\\u2019s impression shows the view from the surface of one of the planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system. At least seven planets orbit this ultra cool dwarf star 40 light-years from Earth and they are all roughly the same size as the Earth. They are at the right distances from their star for liquid water to exist on the surfaces of several of them. This artist\\u2019s impression is based on the known physical parameters for the planets and stars seen, and uses a vast database of objects in the Universe.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1487790000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Artist\\u2019s impression of the TRAPPIST-1 planetary system&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Artist\u2019s impression of the TRAPPIST-1 planetary system\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This artist\u2019s impression shows the view from the surface of one of the planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system. At least seven planets orbit this ultra cool dwarf star 40 light-years from Earth and they are all roughly the same size as the Earth. They are at the right distances from their star for liquid water to exist on the surfaces of several of them. This artist\u2019s impression is based on the known physical parameters for the planets and stars seen, and uses a vast database of objects in the Universe.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706a1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13950\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706a1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706a1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706a1-300x171.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13950\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This artist\u2019s impression shows the view from the surface of one of the planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system. At least seven planets orbit this ultra cool dwarf star 40 light-years from Earth and they are all roughly the same size as the Earth. They are at the right distances from their star for liquid water to exist on the surfaces of several of them. This artist\u2019s impression is based on the known physical parameters for the planets and stars seen, and uses a vast database of objects in the Universe. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706a\/\" target=\"_blank\">Full size image<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Astronomers have found a system of seven Earth-sized planets just 40 light-years away. Using ground and space telescopes, including ESO\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/usa\/teles-instr\/paranal\/\" target=\"_blank\">Very Large Telescope<\/a>, the planets were all detected as they passed in front of their parent star, the ultracool dwarf star known as TRAPPIST-1. According to the paper appearing today in the journal Nature, three of the planets lie in the habitable zone and could harbour oceans of water on their surfaces, increasing the possibility that the star system could play host to life. This system has both the largest number of Earth-sized planets yet found and the largest number of worlds that could support liquid water on their surfaces.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QSFcQFoHXiU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Astronomers using the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/lasilla\/trappist\/\" target=\"_blank\">TRAPPIST\u2013South<\/a> telescope at ESO\u2019s La Silla Observatory, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/\" target=\"_blank\">Very Large Telescope<\/a> (VLT) at Paranal and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/spitzer\/main\/\" target=\"_blank\">NASA Spitzer Space Telescope<\/a>, as well as other telescopes around the world <a href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a>, have now confirmed the existence of at least seven small planets orbiting the cool red dwarf star <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TRAPPIST-1\" target=\"_blank\">TRAPPIST-1<\/a> <a href=\"#2\">[2]<\/a>. All the planets, labelled TRAPPIST-1b, c, d, e, f, g and h in order of increasing distance from their parent star, have sizes similar to Earth <a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13953\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13953\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706d\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13953\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13953\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706d1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,727\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/O. Furtak&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This diagram compares the sizes of the newly-discovered planets around the faint red star TRAPPIST-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and the inner Solar System. All the planets found around TRAPPIST-1 are of similar size to the Earth.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1487790000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Comparison of the sizes of the TRAPPIST-1 planets with Solar Sys&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Comparison of the sizes of the TRAPPIST-1 planets with Solar Sys\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This diagram compares the sizes of the newly-discovered planets around the faint red star TRAPPIST-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and the inner Solar System. All the planets found around TRAPPIST-1 are of similar size to the Earth.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706d1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13953\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706d1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706d1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706d1-289x300.jpg 289w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13953\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This diagram compares the sizes of the newly-discovered planets around the faint red star TRAPPIST-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and the inner Solar System. All the planets found around TRAPPIST-1 are of similar size to the Earth. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706d\/\" target=\"_blank\">Full size image<\/a>.]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Dips in the star\u2019s light output caused by each of the seven planets <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transit_(astronomy)\" target=\"_blank\">passing in front of it<\/a> \u2014 events known as transits \u2014 allowed the astronomers to infer information about their sizes, compositions and orbits <a href=\"#4\">[4]<\/a>. They found that at least the inner six planets are comparable in both size and temperature to the Earth.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13954\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13954\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706e\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13954\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13954\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706e1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,350\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/M. Gillon et al.&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This diagram shows the changing brightness of the ultra cool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 over a period of 20 days in September and October 2016 as measured by NASA\\u2019s Spitzer Space Telescope and many other telescopes on the ground. On many occasions the brightness of the star drops for a short period and then returns to normal. These events, called transits, are due to one or more of the star\\u2019s seven planets passing in front of the star and blocking some of its light. The lower part of the diagram shows which of the system\\u2019s planets are responsible for the transits.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1487790000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Light curve of TRAPPIST-1 \\u2014 showing the dimming events caused&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Light curve of TRAPPIST-1 \u2014 showing the dimming events caused\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This diagram shows the changing brightness of the ultra cool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 over a period of 20 days in September and October 2016 as measured by NASA\u2019s Spitzer Space Telescope and many other telescopes on the ground. On many occasions the brightness of the star drops for a short period and then returns to normal. These events, called transits, are due to one or more of the star\u2019s seven planets passing in front of the star and blocking some of its light. The lower part of the diagram shows which of the system\u2019s planets are responsible for the transits.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706e1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13954\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706e1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706e1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706e1-300x150.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13954\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This diagram shows the changing brightness of the ultra cool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 over a period of 20 days in September and October 2016 as measured by NASA\u2019s Spitzer Space Telescope and many other telescopes on the ground. On many occasions the brightness of the star drops for a short period and then returns to normal. These events, called transits, are due to one or more of the star\u2019s seven planets passing in front of the star and blocking some of its light. The lower part of the diagram shows which of the system\u2019s planets are responsible for the transits. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706e\/\" target=\"_blank\">Full size image<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YLEszgLrbzM?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Lead author Micha\u00ebl Gillon of the STAR Institute at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ago.ulg.ac.be\/index_e.php\" target=\"_blank\">University of Li\u00e8ge<\/a> in Belgium is delighted by the findings:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cThis is an amazing planetary system \u2014 not only because we have found so many planets, but because they are all surprisingly similar in size to the Earth!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>With just 8% the mass of the Sun, TRAPPIST-1 is very small in stellar terms \u2014 only marginally bigger than the planet Jupiter \u2014 and though nearby in the constellation <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquarius_(constellation)\" target=\"_blank\">Aquarius<\/a> (The Water Carrier), it appears very dim. Astronomers expected that such dwarf stars might host many Earth-sized planets in tight orbits, making them promising targets in the hunt for extraterrestrial life, but TRAPPIST-1 is the first such system to be found.<\/p>\n<p>Co-author Amaury Triaud expands:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cThe energy output from dwarf stars like TRAPPIST-1 is much weaker than that of our Sun. Planets would need to be in far closer orbits than we see in the Solar System if there is to be surface water. Fortunately, it seems that this kind of compact configuration is just what we see around TRAPPIST-1!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The team determined that all the planets in the system are similar in size to Earth and Venus in the Solar System, or slightly smaller. The density measurements suggest that at least the innermost six are probably <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terrestrial_planet\" target=\"_blank\">rocky<\/a> in composition.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13955\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13955\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706m\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13955\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13955\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706m1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,394\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;NASA&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This infographic displays some artist&#039;s illustrations of how the seven planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 might appear \\u2014 including the possible presence of water oceans \\u2014 alongside some images of the rocky planets in our Solar System. Information about the size and orbital periods of all the planets is also provided for comparison; the TRAPPIST-1 planets are all approximately Earth-sized.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1487790000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Artist&#039;s illustrations of planets in TRAPPIST-1 system and Solar&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Artist&amp;#8217;s illustrations of planets in TRAPPIST-1 system and Solar\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This infographic displays some artist&amp;#8217;s illustrations of how the seven planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 might appear \u2014 including the possible presence of water oceans \u2014 alongside some images of the rocky planets in our Solar System. Information about the size and orbital periods of all the planets is also provided for comparison; the TRAPPIST-1 planets are all approximately Earth-sized.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706m1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13955\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706m1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706m1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706m1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13955\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This infographic displays some artist&#8217;s illustrations of how the seven planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 might appear \u2014 including the possible presence of water oceans \u2014 alongside some images of the rocky planets in our Solar System. Information about the size and orbital periods of all the planets is also provided for comparison; the TRAPPIST-1 planets are all approximately Earth-sized. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706m\/\" target=\"_blank\">Full sized image<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>The planetary orbits are not much larger than that of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galilean_moons\" target=\"_blank\">Jupiter\u2019s Galilean moon system<\/a>, and much smaller than the orbit of Mercury in the Solar System. However, TRAPPIST-1\u2019s small size and low temperature mean that the energy input to its planets is similar to that received by the inner planets in our Solar System; TRAPPIST-1c, d and f receive similar amounts of energy to Venus, Earth and Mars, respectively.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13951\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13951\" style=\"width: 357px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706b\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13951\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13951\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706b1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,980\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/O. Furtak&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This diagram compares the orbits of the newly-discovered planets around the faint red star TRAPPIST-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and the inner Solar System. All the planets found around TRAPPIST-1 orbit much closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun, but as their star is far fainter, they are exposed to similar levels of irradiation as Venus, Earth and Mars in the Solar System.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1487790000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Comparison of the TRAPPIST-1 system with the inner Solar System&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Comparison of the TRAPPIST-1 system with the inner Solar System\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This diagram compares the orbits of the newly-discovered planets around the faint red star TRAPPIST-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and the inner Solar System. All the planets found around TRAPPIST-1 orbit much closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun, but as their star is far fainter, they are exposed to similar levels of irradiation as Venus, Earth and Mars in the Solar System.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706b1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13951\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706b1.jpg\" width=\"357\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706b1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706b1-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13951\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This diagram compares the orbits of the newly-discovered planets around the faint red star TRAPPIST-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and the inner Solar System. All the planets found around TRAPPIST-1 orbit much closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun, but as their star is far fainter, they are exposed to similar levels of irradiation as Venus, Earth and Mars in the Solar System. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706b\/\" target=\"_blank\">Full size image <\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>All seven planets discovered in the system could potentially have liquid water on their surfaces, though their orbital distances make some of them more likely candidates than others. Climate models suggest the innermost planets, TRAPPIST-1b, c and d, are probably too hot to support liquid water, except maybe on a small fraction of their surfaces. The orbital distance of the system\u2019s outermost planet, TRAPPIST-1h, is unconfirmed, though it is likely to be too distant and cold to harbour liquid water \u2014 assuming no alternative heating processes are occurring <a href=\"#5\">[5]<\/a>. TRAPPIST-1e, f, and g, however, represent the holy grail for planet-hunting astronomers, as they orbit in the star\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Circumstellar_habitable_zone\" target=\"_blank\">habitable zone<\/a> and could host oceans of surface water <a href=\"#6\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13952\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13952\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706c\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13952\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13952\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706c1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,784\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESO\/O. Furtak&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This diagram compares the orbits of the newly-discovered planets around the faint red star TRAPPIST-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and the inner Solar System. All the planets found around TRAPPIST-1 orbit much closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun, but as their star is far fainter, they are exposed to similar levels of irradiation as Venus, Earth and Mars in the Solar System.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1487790000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Comparison of the TRAPPIST-1 system with the inner Solar System&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Comparison of the TRAPPIST-1 system with the inner Solar System\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This diagram compares the orbits of the newly-discovered planets around the faint red star TRAPPIST-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and the inner Solar System. All the planets found around TRAPPIST-1 orbit much closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun, but as their star is far fainter, they are exposed to similar levels of irradiation as Venus, Earth and Mars in the Solar System.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706c1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13952\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706c1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706c1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/eso1706c1-268x300.jpg 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13952\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This diagram compares the orbits of the newly-discovered planets around the faint red star TRAPPIST-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and the inner Solar System. All the planets found around TRAPPIST-1 orbit much closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun, but as their star is far fainter, they are exposed to similar levels of irradiation as Venus, Earth and Mars in the Solar System. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706c\/\" target=\"_blank\">Full size image<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>These new discoveries\u00a0make the TRAPPIST-1 system a very important target for future study. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope<\/a> is already being used to search for atmospheres around the planets and team member Emmanu\u00ebl Jehin is excited about the future possibilities:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cWith the upcoming generation of telescopes, such as ESO\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/usa\/teles-instr\/e-elt\/\" target=\"_blank\">European Extremely Large Telescope<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/jwst.nasa.gov\/\">NASA\/ESA\/CSA James Webb Space Telescope<\/a>, we will soon be able to search for water and perhaps even evidence of life on these worlds.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ki-_Dc8M0OI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>This video takes the viewer on a quick trip from Earth, past the Moon and far beyond. We finally arrive at the faint red ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, which has a remarkable seven planets orbiting it, all having sizes similar to the Earth.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>The stars in the animation are accurately positioned as in reality. The tiny ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1 is so dim that it would remain invisible to the naked eye until the imaginary traveller gets very close, when its seven orbiting planets can also be seen.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>The artist\u2019s impression in this video is based on the known physical parameters for the planets and stars seen, and uses a vast database of objects in the Universe.\u00a0<\/em><em><strong>Credit:\u00a0<\/strong>ESO\/L. Cal\u00e7ada\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spaceengine.org\/\">spaceengine.org<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><b>Notes<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"1\"><\/a>[1] As well as the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spitzer.caltech.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">NASA Spitzer Space Telescope<\/a>, the team used many ground-based facilities:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/lasilla\/trappist\/\" target=\"_blank\">TRAPPIST\u2013South<\/a> at ESO\u2019s La Silla Observatory in Chile,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/vlt\/vlt-instr\/hawk-i\/\" target=\"_blank\">HAWK-I<\/a> on ESO\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/vlt\/\" target=\"_blank\">Very Large Telescope<\/a> in Chile, \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ati.ulg.ac.be\/TRAPPIST\/Trappist_main\/Sites.html\" target=\"_blank\">TRAPPIST\u2013North<\/a> in Morocco, the 3.8-metre\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ukirt.hawaii.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">UKIRT<\/a> in Hawaii, the 2-metre\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/telescope.livjm.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">Liverpool<\/a> and 4-metre\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/astrolapalma.com\/en\/william-herschel-telescope\" target=\"_blank\">William Herschel<\/a> telescopes at La Palma in the Canary Islands, and the 1-metre\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.saao.ac.za\/science\/facilities\/telescopes\/\" target=\"_blank\">SAAO<\/a> telescope in South Africa.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"2\"><\/a>[2]\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/lasilla\/trappist\/\" target=\"_blank\">TRAPPIST\u2013South (the TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope\u2013South)<\/a> is a Belgian 0.6-metre robotic telescope operated from the University of Li\u00e8ge and based at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/lasilla\/\" target=\"_blank\">ESO\u2019s La Silla Observatory<\/a> in Chile. It spends much of its time monitoring the light from around 60 of the nearest ultracool dwarf stars and brown dwarfs (\u201cstars\u201d which are not quite massive enough to initiate sustained nuclear fusion in their cores), looking for evidence of planetary transits. TRAPPIST\u2013South, along with its twin TRAPPIST\u2013North, are the forerunners to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal-observatory\/speculoos\/\" target=\"_blank\">SPECULOOS<\/a> system, which is currently being installed at ESO\u2019s Paranal Observatory.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"3\"><\/a>[3] In early 2016, a team of astronomers, also led by Micha\u00ebl Gillon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/news\/eso1615\/\" target=\"_blank\">announced the discovery<\/a> of three planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1. They intensified their follow-up observations of the system mainly because of a remarkable triple transit that they observed with the HAWK-I instrument on the VLT. This transit showed clearly that at least one other unknown planet was orbiting the star. And that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/images\/eso1706g\/\" target=\"_blank\">historic light curve<\/a> shows for the first time three temperate Earth-sized planets, two of them in the habitable zone, passing in front of their star at the same time!<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"4\"><\/a>[4] This is one of the main methods that astronomers use to identify the presence of a planet around a star. They look at the light coming from the star to see if some of the light is blocked as the planet passes in front of its host star on the line of sight to Earth \u2014 it <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transit_(astronomy)\" target=\"_blank\">transits<\/a> the star, as astronomers say. As the planet orbits around its star, we expect to see regular small dips in the light coming from the star as the planet moves in front of it.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"5\"><\/a>[5] Such processes could include <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tidal_heating\" target=\"_blank\">tidal heating<\/a>, whereby the gravitational pull of TRAPPIST-1 causes the planet to repeatedly deform, leading to inner frictional forces and the generation of heat. This process drives the active volcanism on Jupiter&#8217;s moon Io. If TRAPPIST-1h has also retained a primordial hydrogen-rich atmosphere, the rate of heat loss could be very low.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"6\"><\/a>[6] This discovery also represents the largest known chain of exoplanets orbiting in near-resonance with each other. The astronomers carefully measured how long it takes for each planet in the system to complete one orbit around TRAPPIST-1 \u2014 known as the revolution\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orbital_period\" target=\"_blank\">period<\/a> \u2014 and then calculated the ratio of each planet\u2019s period and that of its next more distant neighbour. The innermost six TRAPPIST-1 planets have period ratios with their neighbours that are very close to simple ratios, such as 5:3 or 3:2. This means that the planets most likely formed together further from their star, and have since moved inwards into their current configuration. If so, they could be low-density and volatile-rich worlds, suggesting an icy surface and\/or an atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">====<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"\/\/rcm-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/cm?o=1&amp;p=12&amp;l=ur1&amp;category=echo&amp;banner=146870N94VDD8MAPHT02&amp;f=ifr&amp;linkID=1a66b7640a95795359e192e9c202c69f&amp;t=hobbyspace&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ESO\u00a0makes a big announcement about a dwarf star with lots of earth-sized planets: Ultracool Dwarf and the Seven Planets Temperate Earth-sized Worlds Found in Extraordinarily Rich Planetary System Astronomers have found a system of seven Earth-sized planets just 40 light-years away. Using ground and space telescopes, including ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope, the planets were all &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13949\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ESO: 7 Earth-sized worlds found in dwarf star system &#8211; 3 in habitable zone<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy","category-exoplanets"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/s34aWK-13949","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":12567,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12567","url_meta":{"origin":13949,"position":0},"title":"ESO: Three possibly habitable worlds observed in nearby dwarf star system","author":"TopSpacer","date":"May 2, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from ESO\u00a0(European Southern Observatory): Three Potentially Habitable Worlds Found Around Nearby Ultracool Dwarf Star Currently the best place to search for life beyond the Solar System Astronomers using the TRAPPIST telescope at ESO\u2019s La Silla Observatory have discovered three planets orbiting an ultracool dwarf star just 40\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"eso1615a[1]","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/eso1615a1-300x123.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15508,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15508","url_meta":{"origin":13949,"position":1},"title":"ESO: New ExTrA observatory to look for and study Earth-sized planets orbiting red dwarf stars","author":"TopSpacer","date":"January 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from\u00a0ESO\u00a0 (European Southern Observatory): First Light for Planet Hunter ExTrA at La Silla A new national facility at ESO\u2019s La Silla Observatory has successfully made its first observations. The ExTrA telescopes will search for and study Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby red dwarf stars. ExTrA\u2019s novel design allows\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/eso1803a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":471,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=471","url_meta":{"origin":13949,"position":2},"title":"Earth-like exoplanets all around us","author":"TopSpacer","date":"February 7, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Earth-sized exoplanets in the habitable zones of their stars may not only be common but relatively close by: Earth-like Planets Are Right Next Door - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics\u00a0 Cambridge, MA - Using publicly available data from NASA's Kepler space telescope, astronomers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"lores[1]","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/lores1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15186,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15186","url_meta":{"origin":13949,"position":3},"title":"ESO: Nearest temperate world found orbiting quiet star","author":"TopSpacer","date":"November 15, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from ESO (European Southern Observatory): Closest Temperate World Orbiting Quiet Star Discovered ESO\u2019s HARPS instrument finds Earth-mass exoplanet around Ross 128\u00a0 A temperate Earth-sized planet has been discovered only 11 light-years from the Solar System by a team using ESO\u2019s unique planet-hunting HARPS instrument. 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