{"id":13806,"date":"2017-01-26T10:00:02","date_gmt":"2017-01-26T15:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13806"},"modified":"2017-01-25T21:57:56","modified_gmt":"2017-01-26T02:57:56","slug":"hubble-telescope-sees-faster-than-expected-expansion-of-the-universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13806","title":{"rendered":"Hubble telescope sees faster than expected expansion of the Universe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The latest cosmic finding with the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Hubble Space Telescope<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/news\/heic1702\/?lang\" target=\"_blank\">Cosmic lenses support finding on<br \/>\nfaster than expected expansion of the Universe <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>By using galaxies as giant gravitational lenses, an international group of astronomers using the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has made an independent measurement of how fast the Universe is expanding. The newly measured expansion rate for the local Universe is consistent with earlier findings. These are, however, in intriguing disagreement with measurements of the early Universe. This hints at a fundamental problem at the very heart of our understanding of the cosmos.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13807\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13807\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/images\/heic1702a\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13807\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13807\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,700\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESA\/Hubble, NASA, Suyu et al.&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;HE0435-1223, located in the centre of this wide-field image, is among the five best lensed quasars discovered to date. The foreground galaxy creates four almost evenly distributed images of the distant quasar around it.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1485446400&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Lensed quasar and its surroundings&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lensed quasar and its surroundings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;HE0435-1223, located in the centre of this wide-field image, is among the five best lensed quasars discovered to date. The foreground galaxy creates four almost evenly distributed images of the distant quasar around it.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702a1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13807\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702a1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702a1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702a1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702a1-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13807\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>HE0435-1223, located in the centre of this wide-field image, is among the five best lensed quasars discovered to date. The foreground galaxy creates four almost evenly distributed images of the distant quasar around it. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/images\/heic1702a\/\" target=\"_blank\">Larger images<\/a>.]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hubble%27s_law\" target=\"_blank\">Hubble constant<\/a> \u2014 the rate at which the Universe is expanding \u2014 is one of the fundamental quantities describing our Universe. A group of astronomers from the <a href=\"http:\/\/shsuyu.github.io\/H0LiCOW\/site\/\" target=\"_blank\">H0LiCOW<\/a> collaboration, led by Sherry Suyu (associated with the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mpa-garching.mpg.de\/\" target=\"_blank\">Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics<\/a> in Germany, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asiaa.sinica.edu.tw\/\" target=\"_blank\">ASIAA<\/a> in Taiwan and the Technical University of Munich), used the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and other telescopes <a href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a> in space and on the ground to observe five galaxies in order to arrive at an independent measurement of the Hubble constant <a href=\"#2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Rsx0AGQhQvs?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>Objects with large masses such as galaxies or clusters of galaxies warp the spacetime surrounding them in such a way that they can create multiple images of background objects. This effect is called strong gravitational lensing.\u00a0Credit:\u00a0ESA\/Hubble, NASA<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The new measurement is completely independent of \u2014 but in excellent agreement with \u2014 other measurements of the Hubble constant in the local Universe that used <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cepheid_variable\" target=\"_blank\">Cepheid<\/a> variable stars and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supernova\" target=\"_blank\">supernovae<\/a> as points of reference [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/news\/heic1611\/\" target=\"_blank\">heic1611<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13808\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13808\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/images\/heic1702b\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13808\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13808\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702b1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,144\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESA\/Hubble, NASA, Suyu et al.&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This montage shows the five lensed quasars and the foreground galaxies studied by the H0LICOW collaboration. Using these objects astronomers were able to make an independent measurement of the Hubble constant. They calculated that the Universe is actually expanding faster than expected on the basis of our cosmological model.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1485446400&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Studied lensed quasars of H0LiCOW collaboration&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Studied lensed quasars of H0LiCOW collaboration\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This montage shows the five lensed quasars and the foreground galaxies studied by the H0LICOW collaboration. Using these objects astronomers were able to make an independent measurement of the Hubble constant. They calculated that the Universe is actually expanding faster than expected on the basis of our cosmological model.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702b1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13808\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702b1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702b1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702b1-300x62.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13808\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This montage shows the five lensed quasars and the foreground galaxies studied by the H0LICOW collaboration. Using these objects astronomers were able to make an independent measurement of the Hubble constant. They calculated that the Universe is actually expanding faster than expected on the basis of our cosmological model. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/images\/heic1702b\/\" target=\"_blank\">Larger images<\/a>.]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>However, the value measured by Suyu and her team, as well as those measured using Cepheids and supernovae, are different from the measurement made by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/Our_Activities\/Space_Science\/Planck\" target=\"_blank\">ESA Planck satellite<\/a>. But there is an important distinction \u2014 Planck measured the Hubble constant for the early Universe by observing the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cosmic_microwave_background\" target=\"_blank\">cosmic microwave background<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KiJGL7lDF2g?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>Distant quasars tend to change their brightness, causing them to flicker. As the light which creates the different images of the quasar follows paths with slightly different lengths, the images do not flicker simultaneously but are delayed with respect to each other by several days. This delay in flickering can be used to measure the Hubble constant which describes the speed of expansion of our Universe.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>While the relative time between two flickers is correctly represented in this animation, in reality the delays are in the range of days to two weeks.\u00a0<strong>Credit:\u00a0<\/strong>ESA\/Hubble, NASA<\/em><\/p>\n<p>While the value for the Hubble constant determined by Planck fits with our current understanding of the cosmos, the values obtained by the different groups of astronomers for the local Universe are in disagreement with our accepted theoretical model of the Universe.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>The expansion rate of the Universe is now starting to be measured in different ways with such high precision that actual discrepancies may possibly point towards new physics beyond our current knowledge of the Universe<\/em>,\u201d elaborates Suyu.<\/p>\n<p>The targets of the study were massive galaxies positioned between Earth and very distant<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quasar\" target=\"_blank\"> quasars<\/a> \u2014 incredibly luminous galaxy cores. The light from the more distant quasars is bent around the huge masses of the galaxies as a result of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strong_gravitational_lensing\" target=\"_blank\">strong gravitational lensing<\/a> <a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a>. This creates multiple images of the background quasar, some smeared into extended arcs.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13809\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13809\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/images\/heic1702f\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13809\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13809\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702f1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,700\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;ESA\/Hubble, NASA, Suyu et al.&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;WFI2033-4723 is among the five best lensed quasars discovered to date. The foreground galaxy creates four distinct images of the distant quasar around it.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1485446400&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Lensed quasar&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Lensed quasar\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;WFI2033-4723 is among the five best lensed quasars discovered to date. The foreground galaxy creates four distinct images of the distant quasar around it.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702f1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13809\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702f1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702f1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702f1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/heic1702f1-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13809\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>WFI2033-4723 is among the five best lensed quasars discovered to date. The foreground galaxy creates four distinct images of the distant quasar around it. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/images\/heic1702f\/\" target=\"_blank\">Larger images<\/a>.]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Because galaxies do not create perfectly spherical distortions in the fabric of space and the lensing galaxies and quasars are not perfectly aligned, the light from the different images of the background quasar follows paths which have slightly different lengths. Since the brightness of quasars changes over time, astronomers can see the different images flicker at different times, the delays between them depending on the lengths of the paths the light has taken. These delays are directly related to the value of the Hubble constant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>Our method is the most simple and direct way to measure the Hubble constant as it only uses geometry and General Relativity, no other assumptions<\/em>,\u201d explains co-lead Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Courbin from <a href=\"http:\/\/lastro.epfl.ch\/\" target=\"_blank\">EPFL<\/a>, Switzerland<\/p>\n<p>Using the accurate measurements of the time delays between the multiple images, as well as computer models, has allowed the team to determine the Hubble constant to an impressively high precision: 3.8% <a href=\"#4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u201c<em>An accurate measurement of the Hubble constant is one of the most sought-after prizes in cosmological research today,<\/em>\u201d highlights team member Vivien Bonvin, from EPFL, Switzerland. And Suyu adds: \u201c<em>The Hubble constant is crucial for modern astronomy as it can help to confirm or refute whether our picture of the Universe \u2014 composed of dark energy, dark matter and normal matter \u2014 is actually correct, or if we are missing something fundamental.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"1\"><\/a>[1] The study used, alongside the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.keckobservatory.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Keck Telescope<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/paranal\/\" target=\"_blank\">ESO\u2019s Very Large Telescope<\/a>, the <a href=\"http:\/\/subarutelescope.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Subaru Telescope<\/a>, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gemini.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">Gemini Telescope<\/a>, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ctio.noao.edu\/noao\/content\/Victor-Blanco-4-m-Telescope\" target=\"_blank\">Victor M. Blanco Telescope<\/a>, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cfht.hawaii.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">Canada-France-Hawaii telescope<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spitzer.caltech.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">NASA Spitzer Space Telescope<\/a>. In addition, data from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/lasilla\/swiss\/\" target=\"_blank\">Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eso.org\/public\/teles-instr\/lasilla\/mpg22\/\" target=\"_blank\">MPG\/ESO 2.2-metre telescope<\/a> were used.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"2\"><\/a>[2] The gravitational lensing time-delay method that the astronomers used here to achieve a value for the Hubble constant is especially important owing to its near-independence of the three components our Universe consists of: normal matter, dark matter and dark energy. Though not completely separate, the method is only weakly dependent on these.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"3\"><\/a>[3] Gravitational lensing was first predicted by Albert Einstein more than a century ago. All matter in the Universe warps the space around itself, with larger masses producing a more pronounced effect. Around very massive objects, such as galaxies, light that passes close by follows this warped space, appearing to bend away from its original path by a clearly visible amount. This is known as strong gravitational lensing.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"4\"><\/a>[4] The H0LiCOW team determined a value for the Hubble constant of 71.9\u00b12.7 kilometres per second per Megaparsec. In 2016 scientists using Hubble measured a value of 73.24\u00b11.74 kilometres per second per Megaparsec. In 2015, the ESA Planck Satellite measured the constant with the highest precision so far and obtained a value of 66.93\u00b10.62 kilometres per second per Megaparsec.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The latest cosmic finding with the\u00a0Hubble Space Telescope: Cosmic lenses support finding on faster than expected expansion of the Universe By using galaxies as giant gravitational lenses, an international group of astronomers using the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has made an independent measurement of how fast the Universe is expanding. The newly measured expansion rate &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13806\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Hubble telescope sees faster than expected expansion of the Universe<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-3AG","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":12715,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12715","url_meta":{"origin":13806,"position":0},"title":"New Hubble measurements show universe expanding faster than expected","author":"TopSpacer","date":"June 2, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"A new finding from the\u00a0NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Hubble finds Universe may be expanding faster than expected Astronomers have used Hubble to measure the distances to stars in nineteen galaxies more accurately than previously possible. They found that the Universe is currently expanding faster than the rate derived from measurements\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"For the calibration of relatively short distances the team observed Cepheid variables. These are pulsating stars which fade and brighten at rates that are proportional to their true brightness and this property allows astronomers to determine their distances. The researchers calibrated the distances to the Cepheids using a basic geometrical technique called parallax. With Hubble\u2019s sharp-eyed Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), they extended the parallax measurements further than previously possible, across the Milky Way galaxy. To get accurate distances to nearby galaxies, the team then looked for galaxies containing both Cepheids and Type Ia supernovae. Type Ia supernovae always have the same intrinsic brightness and are also bright enough to be seen at relatively large distances. By comparing the observed brightness of both types of stars in those nearby galaxies, the team could then accurately measure the true brightness of the supernova. Using this calibrated rung on the distance ladder the accurate distance to additional 300 type Ia supernovae in far-flung galaxies was calculated. They compare those distance measurements with how the light from the supernovae is stretched to longer wavelengths by the expansion of space. Finally, they use these two values to calculate how fast the universe expands with time, called the Hubble constant.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/heic1611a1-1024x666.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":10457,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=10457","url_meta":{"origin":13806,"position":1},"title":"Hubble telescope celebrates 25 years in space","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 24, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"In celebration of the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Telescope, a beautiful image of the Westerlund 2 star cluster taken by the orbital observatory has been released:\u00a0Hubble Space Telescope Celebrates 25 Years of Unveiling the Universe - HubbleSite. Westerlund 2 star cluster.\u00a0Zoomable version. A 3-D\u00a0visualization\u00a0of the cluster:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"0105-4x5color.ai","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/hs-2015-12-a-web_print1-1024x819.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7082,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=7082","url_meta":{"origin":13806,"position":2},"title":"&#8220;Heaven&#8217;s Carousel&#8221; artwork unveiled at Hubble telescope conference","author":"TopSpacer","date":"March 25, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"A press release from\u00a0ESA\/Hubble: New artwork unveiled at the Science with the Hubble Space Telescope IV conference\u00a0 Last week researchers from around the world gathered at the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome for the Science with the Hubble Space Telescope IV conference. The event celebrated the history of Hubble\u2019s extraordinary\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":12921,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12921","url_meta":{"origin":13806,"position":3},"title":"Hubble studies galactic cluster whose gravitation magnifies other more distant galaxies","author":"TopSpacer","date":"July 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the\u00a0Hubble space observatory: Space... the final frontier Fifty years ago Captain Kirk and the crew of the starship Enterprise began their journey into space \u2014 the final frontier. Now, as the newest Star Trek film hits cinemas, the NASA\/ESA Hubble space telescope is also exploring new\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"Abell S1063, a galaxy cluster, was observed by the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Frontier Fields programme. The huge mass of the cluster acts as a cosmic magnifying glass and enlarges even more distant galaxies, so they become bright enough for Hubble to see.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7374,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=7374","url_meta":{"origin":13806,"position":4},"title":"Hubble image captures galaxies near and far and in-between","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 17, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"A report from\u00a0ESA\/Hubble: A cross-section of the Universe An image of a galaxy cluster taken by the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope gives a remarkable cross-section of the Universe, showing objects at different distances and stages in cosmic history. They range from cosmic near neighbours to objects seen in the early\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"heic1408a","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/heic1408a.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15112,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15112","url_meta":{"origin":13806,"position":5},"title":"Hubble: &#8220;Wobbling galaxies&#8221; inconsistent with standard model of dark matter","author":"TopSpacer","date":"October 26, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the Hubble Space Telescope collaboration: Hubble discovers \u201cwobbling galaxies\u201d\u00a0 Observations may hint at nature of dark matter Using the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have discovered that the brightest galaxies within galaxy clusters \u201cwobble\u201d relative to the cluster\u2019s centre of mass. This unexpected result is inconsistent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1615a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13806"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13810,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13806\/revisions\/13810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}