{"id":13246,"date":"2016-09-26T18:44:44","date_gmt":"2016-09-26T22:44:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13246"},"modified":"2016-09-26T18:44:44","modified_gmt":"2016-09-26T22:44:44","slug":"hubble-space-telescope-images-show-possible-water-plumes-erupting-from-europa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13246","title":{"rendered":"Hubble space telescope images show possible water plumes erupting from Europa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A team using the\u00a0Hubble telescope\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hubblesite.org\/newscenter\/archive\/releases\/2016\/33\/\" target=\"_d\">spots possible water plumes erupting<\/a>\u00a0on Jupiter&#8217;s moon <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Europa_(moon)\" target=\"_blank\">Europa<\/a>. Here is the official NASA press release:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-s-hubble-spots-possible-water-plumes-erupting-on-jupiters-moon-europa\" target=\"_d\">NASA\u2019s Hubble Spots Possible Water Plumes Erupting on Europa<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Astronomers using NASA&#8217;s Hubble Space Telescope have imaged what may be water vapor plumes erupting off the surface of Jupiter&#8217;s moon Europa. This finding bolsters other Hubble observations suggesting the icy moon erupts with high altitude water vapor plumes.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13247\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13247\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hubblesite.org\/newscenter\/archive\/releases\/2016\/33\/image\/a\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13247\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13247\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-a-large_web1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hs-2016-33-a-large_web1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-a-large_web1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13247\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-a-large_web1.jpg\" alt=\"hs-2016-33-a-large_web1\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-a-large_web1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-a-large_web1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-a-large_web1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-a-large_web1-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13247\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This composite image shows suspected plumes of water vapor erupting at the 7 o&#8217;clock position off the limb of Jupiter&#8217;s moon Europa. The plumes, photographed by NASA&#8217;s Hubble&#8217;s Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, were seen in silhouette as the moon passed in front of Jupiter. Hubble&#8217;s ultraviolet sensitivity allowed for the features, rising over 100 miles above Europa&#8217;s icy surface, to be discerned. The water is believed to come from a subsurface ocean on Europa. The Hubble data were taken on January 26, 2014. The image of Europa, superimposed on the Hubble data, is assembled from data from the Galileo and Voyager missions. [<a href=\"http:\/\/hubblesite.org\/newscenter\/archive\/releases\/2016\/33\/image\/a\/\" target=\"_blank\">Larger images<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>The observation increases the possibility that missions to Europa may be able to sample Europa\u2019s ocean without having to drill through miles of ice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cEuropa\u2019s ocean is considered to be one of the most promising places that could potentially harbor life in the solar system,\u201d said Geoff Yoder, acting associate administrator for NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. \u201cThese plumes, if they do indeed exist, may provide another way to sample Europa\u2019s subsurface.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The plumes are estimated to rise about 125 miles (200 kilometers) before, presumably, raining material back down onto Europa&#8217;s surface. Europa has a huge global ocean containing twice as much water as Earth\u2019s oceans, but it is protected by a layer of extremely cold and hard ice of unknown thickness. The plumes provide a tantalizing opportunity to gather samples originating from under the surface without having to land or drill through the ice.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4QJS9LcB66g?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The team, led by William Sparks of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore observed these finger-like projections while viewing Europa&#8217;s limb as the moon passed in front of Jupiter.<\/p>\n<p>The original goal of the team&#8217;s observing proposal was to determine whether Europa has a thin, extended atmosphere, or exosphere. Using the same observing method that detects atmospheres around planets orbiting other stars, the team realized if there was water vapor venting from Europa\u2019s surface, this observation would be an excellent way to see it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>&#8220;The atmosphere of an extrasolar planet blocks some of the starlight that is behind it,&#8221; Sparks explained. &#8220;If there is a thin atmosphere around Europa, it has the potential to block some of the light of Jupiter, and we could see it as a silhouette. And so we were looking for absorption features around the limb of Europa as it transited the smooth face of Jupiter.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In 10 separate occurrences spanning 15 months, the team observed Europa passing in front of Jupiter. They saw what could be plumes erupting on three of these occasions.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_13248\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13248\" style=\"width: 520px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hubblesite.org\/newscenter\/archive\/releases\/2016\/33\/image\/d\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13248\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=13248\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-d-web_print1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hs-2016-33-d-web_print1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-d-web_print1-1024x819.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-13248 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-d-web_print1-1024x819.jpg\" alt=\"hs-2016-33-d-web_print1\" width=\"520\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-d-web_print1-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-d-web_print1-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-d-web_print1-768x614.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/hs-2016-33-d-web_print1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13248\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This diagram shows how the plumes on Europa are seen in silhouette as the moon moves across the face of Jupiter. Europa makes a complete orbit of Jupiter in just 3.5 Earth days. [ <a href=\"http:\/\/hubblesite.org\/newscenter\/archive\/releases\/2016\/33\/image\/d\/\" target=\"_blank\">Larger images<\/a>]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>This work provides supporting evidence for water plumes on Europa. In 2012, a team led by Lorenz Roth of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, detected evidence of water vapor erupting from the frigid south polar region of Europa and reaching more than 100 miles (160 kilometers) into space. Although both teams used Hubble&#8217;s Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instrument, each used a totally independent method to arrive at the same conclusion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>&#8220;When we calculate in a completely different way the amount of material that would be needed to create these absorption features, it&#8217;s pretty similar to what Roth and his team found,&#8221; Sparks said. &#8220;The estimates for the mass are similar, the estimates for the height of the plumes are similar. The latitude of two of the plume candidates we see corresponds to their earlier work.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>But as of yet, the two teams have not simultaneously detected the plumes using their independent techniques. Observations thus far have suggested the plumes could be highly variable, meaning that they may sporadically erupt for some time and then die down. For example, observations by Roth\u2019s team within a week of one of the detections by Sparks\u2019 team failed to detect any plumes.<\/p>\n<p>If confirmed, Europa would be the second moon in the solar system known to have water vapor plumes. In 2005, NASA&#8217;s Cassini orbiter detected jets of water vapor and dust spewing off the surface of Saturn&#8217;s moon Enceladus.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists may use the infrared vision of NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to launch in 2018, to confirm venting or plume activity on Europa. NASA also is formulating a mission to Europa with a payload that could confirm the presence of plumes and study them from close range during multiple flybys.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>\u201cHubble\u2019s unique capabilities enabled it to capture these plumes, once again demonstrating Hubble\u2019s ability to make observations it was never designed to make,\u201d said Paul Hertz, director of the Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \u201cThis observation opens up a world of possibilities, and we look forward to future missions &#8212; such as the James Webb Space Telescope &#8212; to follow up on this exciting discovery.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The work by Sparks and his colleagues will be published in the Sept. 29 issue of the Astrophysical Journal.<\/p>\n<p>The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA\u00a0and ESA (the European Space Agency.) NASA&#8217;s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt,\u00a0Maryland, manages the telescope. STScI, which is operated for NASA\u00a0by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy in Washington, conducts Hubble science operations.<\/p>\n<p>For images and more information about Europa and Hubble, visit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hubble\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hubble<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hubblesite.org\/news\/2016\/33\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/hubblesite.org\/news\/2016\/33<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">====<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"\/\/rcm-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/e\/cm?o=1&amp;p=12&amp;l=ur1&amp;category=echo&amp;banner=146870N94VDD8MAPHT02&amp;f=ifr&amp;linkID=1a66b7640a95795359e192e9c202c69f&amp;t=hobbyspace&amp;tracking_id=hobbyspace\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A team using the\u00a0Hubble telescope\u00a0spots possible water plumes erupting\u00a0on Jupiter&#8217;s moon Europa. Here is the official NASA press release: NASA\u2019s Hubble Spots Possible Water Plumes Erupting on Europa Astronomers using NASA&#8217;s Hubble Space Telescope have imaged what may be water vapor plumes erupting off the surface of Jupiter&#8217;s moon Europa. This finding bolsters other Hubble &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=13246\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Hubble space telescope images show possible water plumes erupting from Europa<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-titan","category-space-science"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-3rE","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5651,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=5651","url_meta":{"origin":13246,"position":0},"title":"Hubble telescope spots evidence of water vapor venting from Jupiter moon Europa","author":"TopSpacer","date":"December 12, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"An interesting finding for the Jupiter moon Europa\u00a0by the Hubble Telescope\u00a0: \u00a0Hubble discovers water vapour venting from Jupiter\u2019s moon Europa - ESA\/Hubble This artist's impression shows Jupiter and its moon Europa using actual Jupiter and Europa images in visible light. The Hubble ultraviolet images showing\u00a0the faint emission from the water\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Gas giants Saturn, Jupiter, et al&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Gas giants Saturn, Jupiter, et al","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=87"},"img":{"alt_text":"Water vapour plumes on Jupiter's moon Europa (artist's impression)","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.spacetelescope.org\/static\/archives\/images\/medium\/heic1322c.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14208,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14208","url_meta":{"origin":13246,"position":1},"title":"Ocean Worlds: New details on sub-surface water in moons of Saturn and Jupiter","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 13, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"NASA today presented new results from studies of the water plumes emitted from underground seas of Saturn's moon Enceladus and Jupiter's moon Europa. The new NASA website Ocean Worlds\u00a0describes these moons and the many other objects in our solar system, including large asteroids and Mars, that also have significant amounts\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Europa, Titan, &amp; other deep space sites&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Europa, Titan, &amp; other deep space sites","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=98"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/17-042_main_image1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":16021,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=16021","url_meta":{"origin":13246,"position":2},"title":"Video: Galileo probe may have encountered water plume vented from Europa","author":"TopSpacer","date":"May 15, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"A re-examination of data from the Galileo probe that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 indicates that a 1997 pass near Europa flew through a plume of water vapor emitted from the moon:\u00a0Old Data Reveal New Evidence of Europa Plumes - NASA JPL Scientists re-examining data from an old mission\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Europa, Titan, &amp; other deep space sites&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Europa, Titan, &amp; other deep space sites","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=98"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/1gexOk6qjmM\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":10116,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=10116","url_meta":{"origin":13246,"position":3},"title":"Hubble study suggests large underground ocean on Jupiter&#8217;s moon Ganymede","author":"TopSpacer","date":"March 13, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"The moons in the solar system continue to get more and more interesting. For example, Hubble telescope observations of\u00a0Jupiter's largest moon Ganymede\u00a0indicate that it could have a huge saltwater ocean beneath a deep layer of ice: NASA\u2019s Hubble Observations Suggest Underground Ocean on Jupiter's Largest Moon NASA\u2019s Hubble Space Telescope\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Europa, Titan, &amp; other deep space sites&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Europa, Titan, &amp; other deep space sites","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=98"},"img":{"alt_text":"15-033i1[1]","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/15-033i11.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":9868,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=9868","url_meta":{"origin":13246,"position":4},"title":"Hubble images rare triple moon transit of Jupiter","author":"TopSpacer","date":"February 6, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"An\u00a0ESA Hubble\u00a0team released the following cool images this week: March of the moons Hubble captures rare triple moon transit of Jupiter These new NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope images capture a rare occurrence as three of Jupiter\u2019s largest moons parade across the giant gas planet\u2019s banded face. Hubble took a string\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"Three moons and their shadows parade across Jupiter \u2014 Comparis","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/heic1504a-1022x1024.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":9939,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=9939","url_meta":{"origin":13246,"position":5},"title":"Amateur astronomers spot mysterious plume on Mars","author":"TopSpacer","date":"February 17, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Mars presents a new mystery: Mystery Mars plume baffles scientists \u00a0 Observations of a mysterious plume-like feature (marked with yellow arrow) at the limb of the Red Planet on 20 March 2012. The observation was made by astronomer W. Jaeschke. The image is shown with the north pole towards the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"Mystery_plume_on_Mars_node_full_image_2[1]","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Mystery_plume_on_Mars_node_full_image_21.gif?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13246"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13251,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13246\/revisions\/13251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}