{"id":12921,"date":"2016-07-21T10:00:45","date_gmt":"2016-07-21T14:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12921"},"modified":"2016-07-21T01:36:18","modified_gmt":"2016-07-21T05:36:18","slug":"hubble-studies-galactic-cluster-whose-gravitation-magnifies-other-more-distant-galaxies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12921","title":{"rendered":"Hubble studies galactic cluster whose gravitation magnifies other more distant galaxies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A new report from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\" target=\"_blank\">Hubble space observatory<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/news\/heic1615\/?lang\" target=\"_d\">Space&#8230; the final frontier<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12922\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12922\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615a1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12922\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=12922\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615a1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,784\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz (STScI)&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Abell S1063, a galaxy cluster, was observed by the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Frontier Fields programme. The huge mass of the cluster acts as a cosmic magnifying glass and enlarges even more distant galaxies, so they become bright enough for Hubble to see.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1469116800&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Abell S1063, the final frontier&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Abell S1063, the final frontier\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Abell S1063, a galaxy cluster, was observed by the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Frontier Fields programme. The huge mass of the cluster acts as a cosmic magnifying glass and enlarges even more distant galaxies, so they become bright enough for Hubble to see.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615a1-268x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615a1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-12922\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615a1.jpg\" alt=\"Abell S1063, a galaxy cluster, was observed by the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Frontier Fields programme. The huge mass of the cluster acts as a cosmic magnifying glass and enlarges even more distant galaxies, so they become bright enough for Hubble to see.\" width=\"500\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615a1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615a1-268x300.jpg 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12922\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Abell S1063, a galaxy cluster, was observed by the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Frontier Fields programme. The huge mass of the cluster acts as a cosmic magnifying glass and enlarges even more distant galaxies, so they become bright enough for Hubble to see.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"text_intro pr_first\">Fifty years ago Captain Kirk and the crew of the starship Enterprise began their journey into space \u2014 the final frontier. Now, as the newest <em>Star Trek<\/em> film hits cinemas, the NASA\/ESA Hubble space telescope is also exploring new frontiers, observing distant galaxies in the galaxy cluster Abell S1063 as part of the Frontier Fields programme.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>Space&#8230; the final frontier. These are the stories of the Hubble Space Telescope. Its continuing mission, to explore strange new worlds and to boldly look where no telescope has looked before.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The newest target of Hubble\u2019s mission is the distant galaxy cluster Abell S1063, potentially home to billions of strange new worlds.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eiUpz5c8FDU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>This video begins with a view of the night sky from the ground, before zooming in on the distant galaxy cluster Abell S1063 as the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope sees it. The cluster was observed as part of the Frontier Fields programme. Credit: Fuji\/DSS\/Hubble.\u00a0Music: Johan B. Monell (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.johanmonell.com\/\">www.johanmonell.com<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This view of the cluster, which can be seen in the centre of the image, shows it as it was four billion years ago. But Abell S1063 allows us to explore a time even earlier than this, where no telescope has really looked before. The huge mass of the cluster distorts and magnifies the light from galaxies that lie behind it due to an effect called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gravitational_lens\" target=\"_blank\">gravitational lensing<\/a>. This allows Hubble to see galaxies that would otherwise be too faint to observe and makes it possible to search for, and study, the very first generation of galaxies in the Universe. <em>\u201cFascinating\u201d<\/em>, as a famous Vulcan might say.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12923\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12923\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615b1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12923\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?attachment_id=12923\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615b1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"700,784\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz (STScI)&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;This part of the sky was observed in parallel with the galaxy cluster Abell S1063 and is also part of the Frontier Fields programme. While one of Hubble\\u2019s cameras observed the galaxy cluster itself, another simultaneously captured the spectacular scene pictured above, of an \\u201cunremarkable\\u201d patch of space. While not having the advantage of strong gravitational lensing this parallel field observation is still nearly as deep as the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field. Combined with other deep fields it helps astronomers understand how similar the Universe looks in different directions.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1469116800&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Parallel field of Abell S1063&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Parallel field of Abell S1063\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This part of the sky was observed in parallel with the galaxy cluster Abell S1063 and is also part of the Frontier Fields programme. While one of Hubble\u2019s cameras observed the galaxy cluster itself, another simultaneously captured the spectacular scene pictured above, of an \u201cunremarkable\u201d patch of space. While not having the advantage of strong gravitational lensing this parallel field observation is still nearly as deep as the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field. Combined with other deep fields it helps astronomers understand how similar the Universe looks in different directions.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615b1-268x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615b1.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-12923\" src=\"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615b1.jpg\" alt=\"This part of the sky was observed in parallel with the galaxy cluster Abell S1063 and is also part of the Frontier Fields programme. While one of Hubble\u2019s cameras observed the galaxy cluster itself, another simultaneously captured the spectacular scene pictured above, of an \u201cunremarkable\u201d patch of space. While not having the advantage of strong gravitational lensing this parallel field observation is still nearly as deep as the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field. Combined with other deep fields it helps astronomers understand how similar the Universe looks in different directions.\" width=\"500\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615b1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/heic1615b1-268x300.jpg 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12923\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This part of the sky was observed in parallel with the galaxy cluster Abell S1063 and is also part of the Frontier Fields programme. While one of Hubble\u2019s cameras observed the galaxy cluster itself, another simultaneously captured the spectacular scene pictured above, of an \u201cunremarkable\u201d patch of space. While not having the advantage of strong gravitational lensing this parallel field observation is still nearly as deep as the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field. Combined with other deep fields it helps astronomers understand how similar the Universe looks in different directions.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The first results from the data on Abell S1063 promise some remarkable new discoveries. Already, a galaxy has been found that is observed as it was just a billion years after the Big Bang.<\/p>\n<p>Astronomers have also identified sixteen background galaxies whose light has been distorted by the cluster, causing multiple images of them to appear on the sky. This will help astronomers to improve their models of the distribution of both ordinary and dark matter in the galaxy cluster, as it is the gravity from these that causes the distorting effects. These models are key to understanding the mysterious nature of dark matter.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pgQc8gSIMjI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>This video pans over NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope observations of the galaxy cluster Abell S1063, which were made as part of the Frontier Fields programme. The many galaxies within the cluster become clearly visible, as well as the background galaxies, enlarged by gravitational lensing.\u00a0Credit:\u00a0ESA\/Hubble.\u00a0Music:\u00a0Johan B. Monell (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.johanmonell.com\/\">www.johanmonell.com<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Abell S1063 is not alone in its ability to bend light from background galaxies, nor is it the only one of these huge cosmic lenses to be studied using Hubble. Three other clusters have already been observed as part of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/frontierfields.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Frontier Fields programme<\/a>, and two more will be observed over the next few years, giving astronomers a remarkable picture of how they work and what lies both within and beyond them <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/news\/heic1615\/?lang#1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Data gathered from the previous galaxy clusters were studied by teams all over the world, enabling them to make important discoveries, among them galaxies that existed only hundreds of million years after the Big Bang (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/news\/heic1523\/\" target=\"_blank\">heic1523<\/a>) and the first predicted appearance of a gravitationally lensed supernova (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spacetelescope.org\/news\/heic1525\/\" target=\"_blank\">heic1525<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Such an extensive international collaboration would have made Gene Roddenberry, the father of Star Trek, proud. In the fictional world Roddenberry created, a diverse crew work together to peacefully explore the Universe. This dream is partially achieved by the Hubble programme in which the European Space Agency (ESA), supported by 22 member states, and NASA collaborate to operate one of the most sophisticated scientific instruments in the world. Not to mention the scores of other international science teams that cross state, country and continental borders to achieve their scientific aims.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"anchor\" name=\"1\"><\/a>[1] The Hubble Frontier Fields is a three-year, 840-orbit programme which will yield the deepest views of the Universe to date, combining the power of Hubble with the gravitational amplification of light around six different galaxy clusters to explore more distant regions of space than could otherwise be seen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new report from the\u00a0Hubble space observatory: Space&#8230; the final frontier Fifty years ago Captain Kirk and the crew of the starship Enterprise began their journey into space \u2014 the final frontier. Now, as the newest Star Trek film hits cinemas, the NASA\/ESA Hubble space telescope is also exploring new frontiers, observing distant galaxies in &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12921\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Hubble studies galactic cluster whose gravitation magnifies other more distant galaxies<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p34aWK-3mp","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":14325,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=14325","url_meta":{"origin":12921,"position":0},"title":"Hubble space telescope: A new view of the Abell 370 cluster of galaxies","author":"TopSpacer","date":"May 4, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the\u00a0NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope: The final frontier of the Frontier Fields\u00a0 The NASA\/ESA Hubble Telescope has peered across six billion light years of space to resolve extremely faint features of the galaxy cluster Abell 370 that have not been seen before. Imaged here in stunning detail,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/heic1711a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":16729,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=16729","url_meta":{"origin":12921,"position":1},"title":"Hubble: Galaxy cluster Abell 370 magnifies ancient objects beyond it","author":"TopSpacer","date":"September 13, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The latest report from the NASA\/ESA Hubble collaboration: BUFFALO charges towards the earliest galaxies New Hubble project provides wide-field view of the galaxy cluster Abell 370\u00a0 The NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has started a new mission to shed light on the evolution of the earliest galaxies in the Universe. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/heic1816a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":15112,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=15112","url_meta":{"origin":12921,"position":2},"title":"Hubble: &#8220;Wobbling galaxies&#8221; inconsistent with standard model of dark matter","author":"TopSpacer","date":"October 26, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A new report from the Hubble Space Telescope collaboration: Hubble discovers \u201cwobbling galaxies\u201d\u00a0 Observations may hint at nature of dark matter Using the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have discovered that the brightest galaxies within galaxy clusters \u201cwobble\u201d relative to the cluster\u2019s centre of mass. This unexpected result is inconsistent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/heic1615a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":11350,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=11350","url_meta":{"origin":12921,"position":3},"title":"Hubble and other telescopes spot &#8220;galaxy cluster with bursting heart&#8221;","author":"TopSpacer","date":"September 12, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"An announcement from the Hubble Space Telescope program. Astronomers find galaxy cluster with bursting heart Hubble, Spitzer, and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope join forces for rare cosmic find An international team of astronomers has discovered a gargantuan galaxy cluster with a core bursting with new stars \u2014 an incredibly rare find.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"This image, using data from Spitzer and the Hubble Space Telescope, shows the galaxy cluster SpARCS1049.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/heic1519a1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7374,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=7374","url_meta":{"origin":12921,"position":4},"title":"Hubble image captures galaxies near and far and in-between","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 17, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"A report from\u00a0ESA\/Hubble: A cross-section of the Universe An image of a galaxy cluster taken by the NASA\/ESA Hubble Space Telescope gives a remarkable cross-section of the Universe, showing objects at different distances and stages in cosmic history. They range from cosmic near neighbours to objects seen in the early\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"heic1408a","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/heic1408a.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":10457,"url":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=10457","url_meta":{"origin":12921,"position":5},"title":"Hubble telescope celebrates 25 years in space","author":"TopSpacer","date":"April 24, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"In celebration of the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Telescope, a beautiful image of the Westerlund 2 star cluster taken by the orbital observatory has been released:\u00a0Hubble Space Telescope Celebrates 25 Years of Unveiling the Universe - HubbleSite. Westerlund 2 star cluster.\u00a0Zoomable version. A 3-D\u00a0visualization\u00a0of the cluster:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Astronomy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Astronomy","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?cat=12"},"img":{"alt_text":"0105-4x5color.ai","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/hs-2015-12-a-web_print1-1024x819.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12921"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12924,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12921\/revisions\/12924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}