{"id":12612,"date":"2016-05-10T15:35:29","date_gmt":"2016-05-10T19:35:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12612"},"modified":"2016-05-10T15:46:11","modified_gmt":"2016-05-10T19:46:11","slug":"kepler-mission-confirms-1284-new-exoplanets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hobbyspace.com\/Blog\/?p=12612","title":{"rendered":"Kepler mission confirms 1284 new exoplanets"},"content":{"rendered":"

The latest results from the Kepler Mission<\/a>:<\/p>\n

Kepler Mission Announces
\nLargest Planet Collection Ever Discovered<\/strong>
\n<\/a>NASA’s Kepler mission has verified 1,284 new planets \u2013
\nthe single largest finding of planets to date.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cThis announcement more than doubles the number of confirmed planets from Kepler,\u201d said Ellen Stofan, chief scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \u201cThis gives us hope that somewhere out there, around a star much like ours, we can eventually discover another Earth.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"kepler_all-planets_may2016[1]\"<\/a>
This artist’s concept depicts select planetary discoveries made to date by NASA’s Kepler space telescope. Credits: NASA\/W. Stenzel<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>Analysis was performed on the Kepler space telescope\u2019s July 2015 planet candidate catalog, which identified 4,302 potential planets. For 1,284 of the candidates, the probability of being a planet is greater than 99 percent \u2013 the minimum required to earn the status of \u201cplanet.\u201d An additional 1,327 candidates are more likely than not to be actual planets, but they do not meet the 99 percent threshold and will require additional study. The remaining 707 are more likely to be some other astrophysical phenomena. This analysis also validated 984 candidates\u00a0previously verified by other techniques.<\/p>\n

\"fig8-new-20use20this20one[1]\"<\/a>
The histogram shows the number of planets by size for all known exoplanets. The blue bars on the histogram represent all previously verified exoplanets by size. The orange bars on the histogram represent Kepler’s 1,284 newly validated planets announcement on May 10, 2016. Credits: NASA Ames\/W. Stenzel<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>“Before the Kepler space telescope launched, we did not know whether exoplanets were rare or common in the galaxy. Thanks to Kepler and the research community, we now know there could be more planets than stars,\u201d said Paul Hertz, Astrophysics Division director at NASA Headquarters. “This knowledge informs the future missions that are needed to take us ever-closer to finding out whether we are alone in the universe.”<\/p>\n

Kepler captures the discrete signals of distant planets \u2013 decreases in brightness that occur when planets pass in front of, or transit, their stars \u2013 much like the May 9 Mercury transit<\/a> of our sun. Since the discovery of the first planets outside our solar system more than two decades ago, researchers have resorted to a laborious, one-by-one process of verifying suspected planets.<\/p>\n

\"kepler_fig10[1]\"<\/a>
Since Kepler launched in 2009, 21 planets less than twice the size of Earth have been discovered in the habitable zones of their stars. The orange spheres represent the nine newly validated planets announcement on May 10, 2016. The blue disks represent the 12 previous known planets. These planets are plotted relative to the temperature of their star and with respect to the amount of energy received from their star in their orbit in Earth units. The sizes of the exoplanets indicate the sizes relative to one another. The images of Earth, Venus and Mars are placed on this diagram for reference. The light and dark green shaded regions indicate the conservative and optimistic habitable zone. Credits: NASA Ames\/N. Batalha and W. Stenzel<\/figcaption><\/figure>This latest announcement, however, is based on a statistical analysis method that can be applied to many planet candidates simultaneously. Timothy Morton, associate research scholar at Princeton University in New Jersey and lead author of the scientific paper published in The Astrophysical Journal, employed a technique to assign each Kepler candidate a planet-hood probability percentage \u2013 the first such automated computation on this scale, as previous statistical techniques focused only on sub-groups within the greater list of planet candidates identified by Kepler.<\/p>\n

“Planet candidates can be thought of like bread crumbs,\u201d said Morton. \u201cIf you drop a few large crumbs on the floor, you can pick them up one by one. But, if you spill a whole bag of tiny crumbs, you’re going to need a broom. This statistical analysis is our broom.”<\/p>\n

In the newly-validated batch of planets, nearly 550 could be rocky planets like Earth, based on their\u00a0size. Nine of these orbit in their sun’s habitable zone, which is the distance from a star where orbiting planets can have surface temperatures that allow liquid water to pool. With the addition of these nine, 21 exoplanets\u00a0now\u00a0are known to be members of this exclusive group.<\/p>\n

\"kepler_fig2_0[1]\"<\/a>
The histogram shows the number of planet discoveries by year for more than the past two decades of the exoplanet search. The blue bar shows previous non-Kepler planet discoveries, the light blue bar shows previous Kepler planet discoveries, the orange bar displays the 1,284 new validated planets. Credits: NASA Ames\/W. Stenzel; Princeton University\/T. Morton<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>“They say not to count our chickens before they’re hatched, but that’s exactly what these results allow us to do based on probabilities that each egg (candidate) will hatch into a chick (bona fide planet),” said Natalie Batalha, co-author of the paper and the Kepler mission scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California. \u201cThis work will help Kepler reach its full potential by yielding a deeper understanding of the number of stars that harbor potentially habitable, Earth-size planets — a number that’s needed to design future missions to search for habitable environments and living worlds.\u201d<\/p>\n

Of the nearly 5,000 total planet candidates found to date, more than 3,200 now have been verified, and 2,325 of these were discovered by Kepler.\u00a0Launched in March 2009, Kepler is the first NASA mission to find potentially habitable Earth-size planets. For four years, Kepler monitored 150,000 stars in a single patch of sky, measuring the tiny, telltale dip in the brightness of a star that can be produced by a transiting planet. In 2018, NASA\u2019s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite<\/a> will use the same method to monitor 200,000 bright nearby stars and search for planets, focusing on Earth and Super-Earth-sized.<\/p>\n

Ames manages the Kepler missions for NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The agency\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, managed Kepler mission development. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation operates the flight system, with support from the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado in Boulder.<\/p>\n

For more information about the Kepler mission, visit:\u00a0www.nasa.gov\/kepler<\/a><\/p>\n

For briefing materials from Tuesday\u2019s media teleconference where the new group of planets was announced, visit:\u00a0www.nasa.gov\/feature\/ames\/kepler\/briefingmaterials160510<\/a><\/p>\n

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This video illustrates the transit method for finding exoplanets:<\/p>\n